Blood Sciences Test Repertoire Table

A comprehensive guide to blood sciences tests, test requirements, reference ranges, turn-around-times and where tests take place. The link below opens a spreadsheet for the full table, whilst the table below is less comprehensive but features relevant information at a glance.

As with any scientific measurement, all tests have an inherent level of uncertainty. Further information on this can be found on this page on the use of the Blood Science Laboratory

Blood Sciences Test Repertoire Table

Pathology Blood Test Repertoire as of 25 July 2023 test.xlsx

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Test table

Test	Specimen Container (Colour)	Sample Type	Comments and special requirements	Reference Ranges (Adult ranges stated unless otherwise specified)	Average turnaround time	Testing Laboratory	Discipline to refer to for clinical advice
17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Babies should be over 48 hours old before testing	Adult Ranges Male - 0-4.9 nmol/L Female - <5 nmol/L	3 Weeks	SAS Centre for Steroid	Chemical Pathology
5-Alpha-Dihydrotestosterone	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	4 Weeks	SAS Centre for Steroid	Chemical Pathology
5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)	24 Hour Acetic Acid Urine Container	Urine		0 - 40 mmol/24 hours	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 0.2 nmol/L	3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Activated Protein C Resistance	Citrate (Citrate)	Blood	1 x green if requesting APCR only, otherwise refer to Inherited Thrombophilia screen. Part of the thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details. Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.	See Referral Report		Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Coagulation	Haematology
Acquired Thrombophilia Screen (including DRVVT, anti-phospholipid and anti-cardiolipin antibodies)	Citrated and Serum (Green and Brown)	Blood	3 x Green- Should be received in the laboratory within 4hours of venepuncture.	See Referral Report	4 weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Coagulation	Haematology
Acute Kidney Injury score (AKI calculation included as part of an U/E profile)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Calculated score of 0-3 indicating possible severity	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Acyl Carnitine Profile	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Narrative Report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
ADAMTS-13	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing. Phone the laboratory to inform them that the sample is on its way and is urgent.	See Referral Report	2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Coagulation	Haematology
Adenosine Deaminase Assay (ADA) for Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Only requestable by a Consultant Haematologist.	Original report sent straight to the requesting clinician.	8-12 Weeks	London Purine Research Unit, Guys Hospital	Haematology
Adrenal Antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Negative	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)	EDTA (Red)	Blood		Please refer to report	2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	See here for information about interference	Adult Range 10 - 49 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Albumin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult: 35 ? 50 g/L Age 0 to 1 year: 30 - 45g/L 1 year to 16 years: 30 - 50g/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Alcohol	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Enzymatic assay used - satisfactory for clinical purposes but not for medico-legal purposes.	Mild Intoxication - 50mg/dL Severe Intoxication - >300mg/dL NB. Much inter-individual variation	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Aldosterone	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood		Following overnight recumbancy - 100 - 450 pmol/L When randomly taken during the day - 100 - 850 pmol/L	2 Weeks	Leeds SAS Centre	Chemical Pathology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Age up to 1 month 70 - 380U/L Age 1 month to 16 years 60 - 425U/L Adult range 30 to 130U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Available only after discussion with the Chemical Pathologist.	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Alpha thalassaemia DNA analysis	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Only requestable by a Consultant Haematologist.	Refer to the external report.	8-12 Weeks	Oxford National Haemoglobinopathy Reference Centre	Chemical Pathology
Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein (Orosomucoid)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Male 5-50 Years- 0.6-1.2 g/L Male over 50 Years- 0.8-2.0 g/L Female 5-50 Years- 0.4-1.0 g/L Female over 50 Years- 0.8-2.0 g/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		1.10 - 2.10 g/L - Adult Range	4 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Phenotype	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood			4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Male - 1.3-3.5 g/L (>45yrs of age) Female - 1.4-4.0 g/L (>45yrs of age)	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 6.7 kU/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Alpha-Galactosidase ( for Fabry's test)	EDTA	Blood		Narrative Report	Weeks	Manchester, Willink	Chemical Pathology
Aluminium	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Or ALU free specimen container.	Please refer to report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Northern General Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Amino Acids - Plasma	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood		Narrative Report	3 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Amino Acids - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine		Narrative Report	3 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Amiodarone	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0.6 - 2.5 mg/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Ammonia	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood	Sample to be taken in the hospital and delivered by hand promptly to the laboratory ON ICE. Do NOT send via the POD system.	Age up to 1 month <100 umol/L Age above 1 month <40 umol/L	<1 Hour	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Amylase	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		30 - 118 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Amylase - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine		0 - 650 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Amylase Isoenzymes	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Available only after discussion with the Chemical Pathologist	4 Weeks	London Great Ormond Street Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Amyloid	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Anabolic Steroids - Urine	24 Hour Urine (Plain)	Urine		Please refer to report	4 Weeks	London SAS Steroid Profiling Laboratory	Chemical Pathology
Anafranil (Clomipramine)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		20 - 70 ug/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Androstendione	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Pre-pubertal male and female- <1.4 nmol/L Provisional adult male- 1.3 - 5.8 nmol/L Provisional adult female without PCO in early follicular phase- 1.1 - 5.7 nmol/L	3 Weeks	Leeds SAS Centre	Chemical Pathology
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		20-70 U/L	1 Week	Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Ante-natal screening for sickle disease and thalassaemia	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Family Origin questionnaire initiates ante-natal sickle and thalassaemia screening. All information must be completed on the FOQ and signed by the midwife completing the form. FBC must be tested within 24hrs of venepuncture. If not sending straight to lab, store at 4oC.	See haemoglobinopathy screen for reference range.	Tested Monday to Friday TAT 72 Hours	Rotherham Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Anti- Smooth Muscle	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 10 days	Negative	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Anti thrombin III	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Part of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details. 1 x green if requesting APCR only, otherwise refer to Inherited Thrombophilia screen. Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing (within 4 hours of venepuncture).	Refer to report.	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Coagulation	Haematology
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (includes IgG & IgM antibodies)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Part of the Acquired Thrombophlia screen. Can be requested individually.	IgG - 0-10 GPLIU/ml IgM - 0-7 MPLIU/ml	4 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Anti-CCP antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 5.0 U/mL	<1 Day (Monday to Friday)	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Arginine Vasporessin (AVP)	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood	Not routinely available - Discuss with Consultant prior to requesting.	Please refer to report		Newcastle SAS Laboratory	Chemical Pathology
Anti-gastric parietal cell	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 10 days. Only tested if specifically requested or if ANA result is positive.	Negative	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Anti-Myelin Associated Glycoprotein Antibodies (anti-MAG)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Anti-Neuronal (paraneoplastic) Antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 10 days. Positive results reflex for ENA & DNA testing.	Negative.	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 10 days. Positive results are batched and tested weekly for MPO & PR3.	Negative.	3 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Anti-Thyroglobulin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Anti-TNF	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Refer to external report.	4 Weeks	City Hospital Birmingham	Chemical Pathology
Anti-Xa level	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Taken 4 - 6 hours post-injection. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Additional information required, Time and date of last injection, time and date sample was taken, type of heparin.	Refer to external report.	2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Coagulation	Haematology
Ascorbic Acid	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Not routinely available - Discuss with Chemical Pathologist prior to requesting.	Please refer to report		Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult range <34 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Autoantibody screen: See anti-nuclear antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood			2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Basement Membrane Antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Negative	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Basophils	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of FBC. Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.	14D - 0.00-0.20 x109/L 2M - 0.00-0.17 x109/L 1yr - 0.00-0.16 x109/L 12yr - 0.00-0.12 x109/L >12yr - 0.00-0.10 x109/L		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
BCR-ABL (including T315 mutation)			Please see link below for specimen requirements. Http://www.sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk/SDGS.htm All genetic studies require that patients have been appropriately counselled. Samples collected on Fridays will NOT be processed.	Hardcopy report sent directly to the requesting clinician.	8-12 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital Genetics Service	Haematology
Bence Jones Protein - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine	Early AM Urine	Negative	1 Week	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Beta 2-Microglobulin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		1.2 - 2.4 mg/L	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Beta-HCG	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Pregnancy - >25 U/L Tumour Marker - <5 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Bicarbonate	Heparinised Blood Gas Syringe	Venous Gas	Only analysed as part of Blood Gas analysis	22 - 26 mmol/L	< 1 Hour	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Bile Acids	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Ideally collect fasting sample (results can be increased in non-fasting samples	<10 umol/L	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Bilirubin - Conjugated	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 5 umol/L	<3 Hours	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Bilirubin - Total	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		< 21 umol/L	<3 Hours	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Biotinidase	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood		2.5 - 10.5 U/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Blasts	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone. Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film.	0.0-0.00 x109/L		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Blood film	EDTA (Red)	Blood	EDTA taken from the FBC sample. Can be specifically requested but please provide clinical details. Add ons must be requested asap within 24hrs. Blood film morphology cannot be accurately reviewed after this time.	Blood film generated on basis of FBC results.	Blood films are reviewed within 24hrs. If consultant comments are required TAT can be up to 72hrs.	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Blood Gases	Heparinised Blood Gas Syringe	Arterial Blood	Please notify the laboratory. Please send directly to the laboratory.	pH - 7.35 - 7.45 pCO2 - 4.5 - 6.1 kPa pO2 - 12.0 - 15.0 kPa Bicarbonate - 22 - 26 mmol/L	< 1 Hour	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Bone Alkaline Phosphotase	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	3 Weeks	Sheffield Northern General Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Bone Marrow (Requested via HODS database)	1 x Bone Marrow Aspirate in EDTA Tube 1 x Bone Marrow Aspirate in Sterile Universal 1 x Bone Marrow Trephine in Specimen Pot with Bone Marrow Medium	Bone Marrow	Only requestable by the Haematologists or after discussion with the Haematology medical team.	See report	Report usually available within 7 days via HODS website. Password access only.		Haematology
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Separate EDTA required from FBC/ESR/ HbA1c	BNP <100 ng/L: Heart failure (HF) very improbable BNP 100-500 ng/L: If clinical suspicion of HF then HF probable BNP > 500 ng/L: HF very probable	<3 Hours	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Bromide	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 0.25 mmol/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
C1 Esterase Inhibitor	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Please send 2 x EDTA samples.	0.15 - 0.43 g/L	2-3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
C3	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0.75 - 1.65 g/L	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
C4	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0.14 - 0.54 g/L	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Caeruloplasmin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0.20 - 0.60 g/L	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Caffeine	Lithium Heparin (orange)	Blood	Analysed on Tuesday.	On high dose regime 10-35 mg/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Calcitonin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Discuss with Chemical Pathologist before requesting. Fasting serum sample required. Promptly deliver to laboratory on ice.	With report	2 Weeks	London SAS Laboratories	Chemical Pathology
Calcium - Urine	24 Hour Urine HCL Urine Container	Urine		2.5 - 7.5 mmol/24 hours	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Calcium Profile	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please see individual tests	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Calcium	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Reference range for white Caucasions only (may be higher in other ethnic groups)	1 month 2.0 - 2.7 mmol/L 1 month to 16 years 2.2 - 2.7 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Adjusted Calcium	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Reference range for white Caucasions only (may be higher in other ethnic groups)	Adult Range 2.2 - 2.6 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Calprotectin	Blue Top Stool Bottle	Faeces			2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Carbamazepine	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Therapeutic 4 - 12 mg/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA 125)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 35 kU/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Antigen 153 (CA 153)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 30 kU/L	2 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Antigen 199 (CA 199)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 35 kU/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		With report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Carboxyhaemoglobin	Heparinised Blood Gas Syringe	Arterial Blood		Non-smokers = up to 1.5% Smokers = up to 6.5% Heavy smokers = up to 9.0%	When required (Inform the laboratory)	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Non Smokers <2.5 ug/L Smokers <5.0 ug/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Carnitine	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood		Total - 23 - 60 umol/L Free - 15 - 53 umol/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Catecholamines - Urine	24 Hour Urine HCL Container	Urine		Adrenaline - 0 ? 150 nmol/24 hours Noradrenaline - 0 ? 570 nmol/24 hours Dopamine - 0 ? 3240 nmol/24 hours Metanephrine - 0 ? 1.62 æmol/24 hours Normetanephrine - 0 ? 2.13 æmol/24 hours	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
CD4/CD8	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Sample must be kept at ambient room temperature. Sample must be tested within 24hrs of venepuncture. Samples should not be sent to the laboratory on Friday.	See report	4 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Cell Markers including T Subsets	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Sample must be kept at ambient room temperature. Sample must be tested within 24hrs of venepuncture. Samples should not be sent to the laboratory on Friday. RHH can only process new suspected acute leukaemia's on Fridays.	Hardcopy report sent to the requesting clinician.	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Cell Marker Laboratory	Haematology
Chloride - Serum	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		95 - 108 mmol/L	< 1 Day - if requested	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Chloride - Urine	24 Hour Urine Plain Container	Urine		110 - 250 mmol/24 hours	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Cholesterol (Random)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		See fasting lipid profile	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Cholinesterase - Acetyl (pesticide exposure)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Please send 2 x EDTA samples.		4 Weeks	Buxton Health Sciences Group	Chemical Pathology
Cholinesterase - Pseudo (scoline sensitivity)	EDTA (Red)	Blood			4 Weeks	Bristol Cholinesterase Investigation Unit	Chemical Pathology
Cholinesterase (see Pseudocholinesterase)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Details of anaesthetic sensitivity required.	With report	4 Weeks	Bristol Cholinesterase Investigation Unit	Chemical Pathology
Chromium	EDTA (Red)	Blood			4 Weeks	Birmingham Trace Elements Laboratory	Chemical Pathology
Chromogranin A	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 60 pmol/L	3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Chromogranin B	EDTA with Trasylol preservative	Blood	Contact Lab		4 Weeks	London, SAS Laboratories	Chemical Pathology
Chromosomes			Patients must have been given genetic counselling prior to any samples being taken. Samples collected on Fridays will not be processed. Please see link below for specimen requirements. Http://www.sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk/SDGS.htm DNA is stored by SCH after testing. Add on requests should be discussed with SCH directly. Contact details for Sheffield Children's Hospital. Tel:+44(0)11427 17003 (Molecular) Tel:+44(0)11427 17021 (Cyto)	Hardcopy report sent directly to the requesting clinician.	8-12 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital Genetics Service	Haematology
Chymotrypsin - Faecal	Blue Top Stool container	Faeces		With report	Referred	Leeds, Department of Clinical Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
C-KIT mutation	EDTA (Red)	Peripheral blood or bone marrow in EDTA	Only requestable by Consultant Haematologists. Requests should be booked into HODS by the requesting Clinician.	Refer to HODS database.	8-12 Weeks	HODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Haematology
CKMB	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		20 - 70 ug/L	Referred	Sheffield Northern General Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Clomipramine	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	Referred	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Coagulation Screen	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Contact the lab for urgent requests. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore, under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Sample viability: 8hrs from venepuncture. Includes :- PT/PTT/FIB	Refer to individual tests for reference ranges	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Conjugated Bilirubin (? Gilberts syndrome)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood			Referred	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Copper	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Male - 11-27.2 mmol/L Female Adult <48yrs - 11 - 38.9 mmol/L Female >48yrs - 11-27.2 mmol/L		Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Cortisol - Serum	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Please note that cortisol should ideally be assessed early in the morning. Adrenal insufficiency can only be excluded by Short Synacthen Test. This method cross-reacts with Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone. For more information on interferences see here	Adult ranges: Morning: 140 - 500 nmol/L Afternoon: 85-460 nmol/L Midnight: <100 nmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Cortisol - Urine	24 Hour Urine Plain Container	Urine		10-147 nmol/24 hours	Referred	Leeds SAS Centre for Steroid Hormones	Chemical Pathology
Cows Milk Antibodies (Lactalbumin, Lactoglobulin & Casein)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	Referred	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
C-Peptide	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Separate immediately.	Please refer to report	Referred	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital or The Clinical Laboratory, Guildford	Chemical Pathology
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 5.0 mg/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Creatine Kinase (CK)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Up to 3 months 28 - 470 U/L 3 months to 1 year 24 - 240U/L 1 to 11 years 24 - 175U/L 11 to 15 years 24 - 175U/L 15 to 18 years 27 - 145U/L Male above 18 years - 40 - 320 U/L Female above 18 years - 25 - 200 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Creatinine (Serum)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	If patient treated with N-acetylcysteine results may be falsely low. At toxic paracetamol levels, paracetamol metabolites may also give falsely low creatinine results. For more information on interferences in the creatinine assay please see here	Male, 0 - <14 days: 27 - 81 umol/L Male, 14d - <1yr: 14 - 34 umol/L Male, 1 - <3yr: 15 - 31 umol/L Male, 3 - <5yr: 23 - 37 umol/L Male, 5 - <7yr: 25 - 42 umol/L Male, 7 - <9yr: 30 - 48 umol/L Male, 9 - <11yr: 28 - 57 umol/L Male, 11yr: 36 - 64 umol/L Male, 12yr: 36 - 67 umol/L Male, 13yr: 38 - 76 umol/L Male, 14yr: 40 - 83 umol/L Male, 15yr: 47 - 98 umol/L Male, 16yr: 54 - 99 umol/L Female, 0 - <14 days: 27 - 81 umol/L Female, 14d - <1yr: 14 - 34 umol/L Female, 1 - <3yr: 15 - 31 umol/L Female, 3 - <5yr: 23 - 37 umol/L Female, 5 - <7yr: 25 - 42 umol/L Female, 7 - <9yr: 30 - 48 umol/L Female, 9 - <11yr: 28 - 57 umol/L Female, 11yr: 36 - 64 umol/L Female, 12yr: 36 - 67 umol/L Female, 13yr: 38 - 74 umol/L Female, 14yr: 43 - 75 umol/L Female, 15yr: 44 - 79 umol/L Female, 16yr: 48 - 81 umol/L Adult Male 53 - 97 umol/L Adult Female 44 - 71 umol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Creatinine (Urine)	White Top Urine Universal (for random urine) or 24 Hour Urine Plain Container (for 24 hour urine)	Urine		Male 7.1 - 17.7 mmol/24 hours Female 5.3 - 15.9 mmol/24 hours	<1 Day		Chemical Pathology
Creatinine Clearance	Gel/Serum (Brown) plus 24 Hour Urine Plain container	Brown Top Blood + 24 Hour Plain Urine		70 - 170 mL/min	< 1 Day		Chemical Pathology
Cryoglobulins	Contact Laboratory	Blood	Requires sample to be kept warm so it is important that lab is contacted prior to taking samples in order that appropriate arrangements can be made	Narrative Report	As Required	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
CSF - Oligoclonal Bands	CSF Plain Universal plus Gel/Serum (Brown)	CSF in White Top Universal + Brown Blood Sample	Deliver by hand, do NOT use pneumatic tube system.		4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
CSF - Xanthochromia screen	White Top Universal MUST BE PROTECTED FROM LIGHT	CSF	(Min 0.5ml) Final sample required. Sample must be protected from natural light. Sample must be kept in the dark. Deliver by hand, do NOT use pneumatic tube system.		3 Days	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
CSF -Screen	CSF White Top Universal	CSF	Deliver by hand, do NOT use pneumatic tube system	CSF Protein age dependant: <1 year old 0.1-1.2g/L >1 year old 0.1-0.4g/L CSF glucose should be cross referenced to a serum glucose analysed at the same time.		Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Cyclosporin	EDTA (Red)	Blood		Depends on clinical indication	4 Weeks	Sheffield Northern General Hospital (under normal circumstances) or Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital or Leeds, Department of Transplant Immunology	Chemical Pathology
Cystine - White Cell/Leucocyte	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood			4 Weeks	Leeds Department of Chemical Pathology	Chemical Pathology
Cytogenetics (including basic chromosome analysis, karyotyping and FISH)	Multiple	1 X Blood in EDTA Container 1 X Blood in Orange Lithium Heparin Container		Refer to external report.	8-12 Weeks		Chemical Pathology
Cytokines	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood	Sample must be received by the referral laboratory within 24hours of venepuncture. Samples should not be taken Thursday or Friday.	Refer to external report	8-12weeks	London St. George?s Hospital	Haematology
D Dimer	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Sample viability: 8hrs from venepuncture. DIC should be added to the request form if this is suspected. Contact the laboratory for urgent requests. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.	<0.5 ug/ml	TAT for urgent requests: 45 mins	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Pre adrenarche (1 -5yr) <1 umol/L Female Post Puberty - 24yr = 2.7-11.0 Female 25 - 34yr = 2.1-10.0 Female 35 - 49yr = 1.3-8.5 Female 50 - 59yr = 1.0-7.0 Female 60 - 69yr = <6.0 Female >70yr = <5.0 Male Post Puberty - 24 yr = 3.6-13.0 Male 25 - 34yr = 2.9-12.0 Male 35 - 49yr = 1.7-10.0 Male 50 - 59yr = 1.0-8.0 Male 60 - 69yr = <7.0 Male >70yr = <6.0	Referred	Leeds SAS Centre for Steroid Hormones	Chemical Pathology
Digoxin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Please ensure samples are collected immediately pre-dose or at least 8 hours post dose. Digoxin toxicity can occur even when serum digoxin concentration is within the therapeutic range; always interpret results in the clinical context. Toxicity can occur at <2.0 ug/L in hypokalaemia, hypoxia, increased sympathetic activity, hypercalcaemia, hypernatraemia, hypomagnesemia, alkalosis or hypothyroidism. Patients treated for digoxin toxicity: Digifab interferes with digoxin immunoassays; no clinical benefit in checking digoxin levels after administration. See: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/atrial-fibrillation/prescribing-information/digoxin/ Further information about interference i nthe digoxin assay can be found here	Therapeutic range for Digoxin: 0.7-2.0 ug/L (see NICE Clinical Guideline for Atrial Fibrillation https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/atrial-fibrillation/prescribing-information/digoxin/. Therapeutic target of 0.5-1.0 ug/L may be appropriate in heart failure Patients treated for digoxin toxicity: Digifab interferes with digoxin immunoassays; no clinical benefit in checking digoxin levels after administration.	Daily	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
DNA	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 10 days.	<20 IU/ml	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
Dopamine - Urine	24 Hour Urine HCl Container	Urine			2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Downs Screening (Double Test)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Request to be ordered only on specific Downs Screening stationary.			Sheffield Department of Immunology	Contact Immunology directly.
Drugs of Abuse - Confirmation & Identification of Opiates - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine	Referred only when specifically requested following positive identification of opiates within urine drug screen.		4 Weeks	City Hospital Birmingham, Trace Elements laboratory	Chemical Pathology
Drugs of Abuse Screen - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine	Please note that this screening method does not accurately identify the presence of MDMA and MDA	Negative Positive	<1 Week		Chemical Pathology
Elastase	Blue Top Universal	Faeces			2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Electrophoresis - Protein	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Narrative Report	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
EMA screen (for hereditary spherocytosis)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Minimum of 0.5ml of sample (Sample must be <48 hours old). Testing should be performed on patients >1year old as results may not be interpretable.	Refer to report.	2 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital Haematology	Haematology
ENA Screen	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 10 days.	Negative Positive screens have further confirmatory testing performed.	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Endomysial Antibodies (IgA)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Negative	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
Endomysial Antibodies (IgG)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Usually laboratory initiated test.	Negative	3 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
Eosinophils	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the FBC. Refer to FBC for request information.	3D = 0.05 - 1.23 x109/L 14D = 0.05 - 1.00 x109/L 10yr = 0.05 - 0.88 x109/L 11yr = 0.05 - 0.80 x109/L 15yr = 0.05 - 0.70 x109/L 16yr = 0.05 - 0.60 x109/L >16yr = 0.05 - 0.45 x109/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Erythrocyte Sedimentaiton Rate (ESR)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	1ml minimum required for ESR testing. Sample viability 24 hours. Lab must be informed of urgent requests for temporal arteritis.	<70yrs = 1-15 mm/hr >70yrs: 1-30 mm/hr	1 Hour (Urgent tests), 4 Hours (Routine tests)	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Erythropoietin Levels (Serum)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 10 days. For inofrmation on interferences in the erythropoietin assay, please see here	3.0-18.0 mIU/ml	6 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Ethosuximide	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood			4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Ethylene Glycol	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood			<2 Days	Sheffield Northern General Hospital, Toxicology Department	Chemical Pathology
Exon 12 mutation	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Only requestable by the Haematology Consultants. Must be requested via the HODS database by the requesting clinician.	Refer to HODS database	6 Weeks	HODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Haematology
Fabry's (alpha - galactosidase)	Blood Spot	Blood Spot		Narrative Report	4 Weeks	Manchester, Willink	Chemical Pathology
Factor Assays	Citrate (Green)	Blood	2-4 green (adult or paediatric), depending on how many factors are requested. Send to the laboratory immediately. Requests for factor assays should be approved by the Consultant Haematologists. Please discuss with them before sending a request, otherwise testing may be delayed. Urgent requests should be telephoned to the lab	See individual factors for reference ranges.	TAT is dependent upon the urgency of the request. Routine requests may take up to two weeks for a report to be generated.	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Coagulation	Haematology
Factor II	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 0.41-0.69 Units/L 3D = 0.50-0.73 Units/L 1yr = 0.62-1.03 Units/L 5yr = 0.70-1.09 Units/L 10yr = 0.67-1.10 Units/L 16yr = 0.61-1.07 Units/L >18yr = 0.78-1.38 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor IX	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 0.35-0.56 Units/L 3D = 0.44-0.97 Units/L 1yr = 0.43-1.21 Units/L 5yr = 0.44-1.27 Units/L 10yr = 0.48-1.45 Units/L 16yr = 0.64-2.16 Units/L >18yr = 0.59-2.54 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor V	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 0.64-1.03 Units/L 3D = 0.92 - 1.54 Units/L 1yr = 0.94 - 1.41 Units/L 5yr = 0.67 - 1.27 Units/L 10yr = 0.56 - 1.41 Units/L 16yr = 0.67 - 1.41 Units/L >18yr = 0.78-1.52 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor V Leiden (Genetics) See Inherited Thrombophilia testing if requesting as part of a battery.	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Send immediately to the laboratory. All requests are audited to ensure that these tests are performed only where appropriate. The criteria for testing are based on BCSHGuideline: Investigation & Management of Heritable Thrombophilia BJH 114:512-528 2001. Requests without clinical details or with inadequate details will not be processed. The samples are saved for 3 months. Please contact Haematology clinicians if the request has been denied and there are other clinical indicators for testing. Is requestable as an individual test but will only be performed if the Activated Protein C Resistance result is abnormal.	Refer to external report.	4 Weeks		Haematology
Factor VII	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 0.52-0.88 Units/L 3D = 0.67-1.07 Units/L 1yr = 0.83-1.60 Units/L 5yr = 0.72-1.50 Units/L 10yr = 0.70-1.56 Units/L 16yr = 0.69-2.00 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor VIII	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 1.05-3.29 Units/L 3D = 0.83-2.74 Units/L 1yr = 0.54-1.45 Units/L 5yr = 0.36-1.85 Units/L 10yr = 0.52-1.82 Units/L 16yr = 0.59-2.00 Units/L >18yr = 0.52-2.90 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor X	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 0.46-0.67 Units/L 3D = 0.46-0.75 Units/L 1M = 0.77-1.22 Units/L 5M = 0.72-1.25 Units/L 10M = 0.68-1.25 Units/L 16yr = 0.53-1.22 Units/L >18yr = 0.96-1.71 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor XI	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 0.07-0.41 Units/L 3D = 0.24-0.79 Units/L 1yr = 0.62-1.25 Units/L 5yr = 0.65-1.62 Units/L 10yr = 0.65-1.62 Units/L 16yr = 0.65-1.30 Units/L >18yr = 0.67-1.96 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor XII	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	1D = 0.43-0.80 Units/L 3D = 0.13-0.97 Units/L 1yr = 0.20-1.35 Units/L 5yr = 0.36-1.35 Units/L 10yr = 0.26-1.37 Units/L 16yr = 0.14-1.17 Units/L >18yr = 0.35-2.07 Units/L	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Factor XIII	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Refer to factor assays test	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	See Factor assays	Haematology
Faecal Calprotectin	Blue top Stool Bottle	Faeces			2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Faecal Elastase see Elastase	Blue Top Universal	Faeces			2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital
FBC Includes: Platelets, White cell count, Red count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Hct, RDW, LUC and White cell differential (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils & basophils)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Minimum 50ul. The laboratory must be phoned/bleeped for urgent requests.	For reference ranges, refer to individual tests.	Routine <2 hours Urgent <1 hour	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Ferritin (Serum)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Consider measuring blood lead in any child presenting with possible iron deficiency and pica.	Male 22 - 322 ug/L Female 10 - 291 ug/L	<1 day	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Fibrinogen	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Part of Coagulation Screen. Refer to Coagulation Screen	1 day = 1.92-3.74 g/l 3 days = 2.83-4.01 g/l 1 yr = 0.82-3.83 g/l >16yrs = 1.90-4.10 g/l		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Fish Odour Syndrome (Trimethylaminuria)	24 Hour Acid HCL Urine Container	Urine				Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Flecainide	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		200 - 800 ug/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Folate (Serum)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	1 x 4.9ml	>5.4 ug/L	<1 day	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Follicular = 2.5 - 10.2 U/L Mid - Cycle = 3.4 - 33.4 U/L Luteal = 1.5 - 9.1 U/L Post menopausal = 23.0 - 116.3 U/L Male = 1.4 - 18.1 U/L	<1 day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Free Androgen Index (Calculated from testosterone and SHBG)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult male <50 years = 14.5-80.3 Adult male >50 years = 9.4-52.5 Female pre menopausal = 0.3-9.8 Female post menopausal = 0.2-5.9		Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Free Fatty Acids	Fluoride	Blood		See Hypoglycemia Screen		Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Free Light Chains (serum)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Free Kappa = 3.3 - 19.4 mg/L Free Lambda = 5.7 - 26.3 mg/L Kappa/Lambda ration = 0.26 - 1.65	3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Free Light Chains (urine)	White Top Universal	Urine			3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Free Thyroxine (fT4)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult range = 10.0 - 18.7 pmol/L Please contact laboratory if age related ranges required	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Free Tri-iodothyronine (fT3)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult range = 3.5 - 6.5 pmol/L Please contact laboratory if age related ranges required	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Fructosamine	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood			4 Weeks	Middlesex, Department of Clinical Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Galactosaemia Screen	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood		Negative	3 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult Male - 0-73 U/L Adult Female - 0-38 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Gastrin	EDTA (Red) with Trasylol Contact Laboratory in advance	Please contact the laboratory (01226) 432733. Must be delivered within 15 minutes of the draw	Part of gut hormone screen. Fasting sample required. Stop PPls 2 weeks before and H2 blockers 3 days before sampling, for more details contact Duty Biochemist.	0 - 40 pmol/L	4 Weeks	London, SAS Laboratories	Chemical Pathology
Gene studies	EDTA (Red)		For Sample requirements visit: http://www.sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk/sdgs.htm All genetic studies require patients to have been appropriately counselled. GPs requesting these studies should contact the referral lab directly to obtain approval and specimen requirements before proceeding with sample collection. Contact details for Sheffield Children's Hospital:Tel:+44(0)11427 17003 (Molecular) Samples collected on Fridays will not be processed. DNA is stored by SCH after testing. Add on requests should be discussed with SCH directly.	Hardcopy report sent directly to the requesting clinician from the referral laboratory.	8-12 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital Genetics Service	Haematology
Genetics	EDTA (Red)		See Gene Studies		Referred
Gentamicin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		If advice is required please contact pharmacy	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry
Glandular Fever Screen	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Sample viable for 24 hours or 48 hours if kept between 2-8C. Should be requested with an FBC.	Negative	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Gliadin Antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Negative	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
Glomerular Basement Membrane Abs (GBM)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 20 U/mL	3 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Haematology
Glucagon	Contact Laboratory	BD Gastrin Vacutainer	Contact Laboratory for container	0 - 50 pmol/L (Part of gut hormone screen)	Referred	London SAS Centre	Chemical Pathology
Glucose	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Normal fasting = < 7.0 mmol/L Fasting indicative of Diabetes Mellitus = > 7.0 mmol/L Random indicative of Diabetes Mellitus = > 11.1 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Glucose-6-Dehydrogenase Phosphate (G6PD)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Minimum 50ul. Testing will only be carried out in accordance with the following guidelines: A possible drug induced haemolytic episode is suspected with testing limited to those following use of Glibenclamide, Nalidixic Acid, Nitrofurantoin and Primaquine. A positive family history In neonates who have definite evidence of a congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia. A patient is being screened for G6PD prior to being started on KRYSTEXXA therapy for gout NB reticulocytosis will cause an increase in G6PD levels negating the usefulness of testing in this setting.	Refer to the external report	Referred - 2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Haemolysis Laboratory	Haematology
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)	EDTA (Red)	Blood		In diabetes aim for <53 mmol/mol In adults, HbA1c of greater or equal to 48 mmol/mol is the recommended cut-off for diagnosing diabetes mellitus (repeat measurement required in asymptomatic individuals). See NICE/WHO guidelines for further details	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Growth Hormone	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult Male = 0-2.5 ug/L Adult Female = 0.13-9.9 ug/L	3 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Gut Hormones	EDTA (Red) with trasolyl preservative Contact lab to arrange in advance	Please contact the laboratory (01226) 432733. Must be delivered within 15 minutes of the draw	Please refer to information for Gastrin.	Gastrin = <40 pmol/L Glucagon = <50 pmol/L Neurotensin (specific request) = <100 pmol/L Pancreatic Poypeptide = <300 pmol/L Somatostatin = <150 pmol/L VIP = <30 pmol/L Chromogranin A = <60 pmol/L Chromogranin B = <150 pmol/L	Referred	London, SAS Laboratories	Chemical Pathology
Haemochromatosis gene testing (HFE gene)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	2 x EDTA samples required. Routine screening should be carried out prior to genetic testing. Requests are only approved if appropriate clinical details and previous blood results are indicative for genetic testing. Ideally should not be taken on Fridays.	Refer to the external report	Referred 8-12 weeks	Sheffield Diagnostic Genetic Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Haemoglobin	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the FBC. Not requestable alone.	3D = 145-230 7D = 140-222 14D = 130-195 30D = 115-167 2M = 94-132 3M = 98-132 4M = 102-137 6M = 103-137 1YR = 105-137 2YR = 107-134 3YR = 110-135 5YR = 110-136 6YR = 111-138 7YR = 113-142 8YR = 115-142 10YR = 117-145 11YR = 118-145 12YR = 120-147 Male 14YR = 124-156 Male 16YR = 131-163 Male 18YR = 129-165 Male >=21YR = 132-169 Female 14YR = 132-169 Female 16YR = 117-156 Female 18YR = 117-157 Female >=21YR = 119-149		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the Haemoglobinopathy screen. Not requestable alone.	2.0-3.5%		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Haemoglobin F (HbF)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the Haemoglobinopathy screen. Not requestable alone.	<2 % HbF<4.0% in pregnancy		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Haemoglobin Variants	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Refer to Haemoglobinopathy screen.	Negative			Haematology
Haemoglobinopathy screen Includes Haemoglobin A2, Haemoglobin F, FBC, Blood Film, Ferritin			Tested Mon-Fri For urgent sickle cell screening for pre-operative cases or ?Sickle cell crises refer to sickle screen. For Partner testing, please provide the details of woman. For antenatal screening, refer to FOQ testing.	Refer to individual tests listed in the haemoglobinopathy screen for reference ranges	TAT for full HPLC report 72hrs	Rotherham Hospital Haematology Positive results/variants are referred to Nottingham Queen?s Medical Centre for confirmation.	Haematology
Haptoglobin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0.4 - 2.8 g/L	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
HCT (Haematocrit)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the FBC. Not requestable alone.	7D = 0.44-0.70 L/L 14D = 13.0-19.5 L/L 30D = 0.34-0.55 L/L 2M = 0.29-0.47 L/L 3M = 0.29-0.41 L/L 6M = 0.30-0.41 L/L 1YR = 0.31-0.41 L/L 3YR = 0.32-0.41 L/L 5YR = 0.33-0.41 L/L 7YR = 0.33-0.41 L/L 8YR = 0.34-0.44 L/L Male 14YR = 0.35-0.47 L/L Male 16YR = 0.37-0.49 L/L Male >=18YR = 0.39-0.49 L/L Female 14YR = 0.35-0.45 L/L Female 16YR = 0.35-0.45 L/L Female >=18YR = 0.35-0.46 L/L		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)	Citrate (Green)	Blood	RHH specific request information must be completed. Type of heparin, dosage and date & time of last dose should be included. RHH HIT request information	Refer to external report	2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Coagulation	Haematology
Homocysteine	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Separate within 1 hour Fasting sample required Deliver immediately to the laboratory - separate within 1 hour	Male = 0 - 18 umol/L Female = 0 - 16 umol/L	1 Week	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
IFA (Intrinsic Factor Antibodies)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Negative/Positive	Samples processed < 1 Day. Positive screens have further confirmatory testing performed. TAT: 1wk	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Immunology
IgE - total	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Allergen specific IgE antibodies can be found without clinical reactions, especially in atopic individuals. They are NOT proof of allergy and are not useful for screening. Suggest referral to the allergy clinic at NGH, Sheffield if indicated	0 - 81kU/L Grade 0 = 0.0 - 0.35 kU/L Negative Grade 1 = 0.35 - 0.7 kU/L Weak Positive Grade 2 = 0.7 - 3.5 kU/L Positive Grade 3 = 3.5 - 17.5 kU/L Positive Grade 4 = 17.5 - 50.0 kU/L Strong Positive Grade 5 = 50.0 - 100 kU/L Strong Positive Grade 6 = >100 kU/L Strong Positive	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
IgG Subclasses	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		IgG1 = 3.2 - 10.2 g/L IgG2 = 1.2 - 6.6 g/L IgG3 = 0.2 - 1.9 g/L	3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Immunofixation	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Narrative Report	As Required	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
Immunoglobulins	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		IgG = 6.0 - 16.0 g/L IgA = 0.8 - 4.0 g/L IgM = 0.5 - 2.0 g/L Age related ranges. Contact laboratory or see report	1 week (interim report available from lab usually within 1 day)	Barnsley for IgA, IgG and IgM/Rotherham Hospital Immunology for electrophoresis	Chemical Pathology
Immunoreactive Trypsin	Blood Spot	Blood Spot		With Report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Inherited Thrombophilia Screen including :- Antithrombin III, Protein C, Protein S, Activated protein C resistance, Prothrombin gene mutation. Factor V Leiden genetics will only be carried out if the APCR is abnormal.	Citrate (Green) & EDTA (Red)	Blood	3 x Green- Should be received in the laboratory within 4hours of venepuncture. 1 x EDTA Individual parts of the Inherited thrombophilia screen can be requested if specified (please see individual sections). NB All requests are audited to ensure that these tests are performed only where appropriate. The criteria for testing are based on BCSHGuideline: Investigation & Management of Heritable Thrombophilia BJH 114:512-528 2001. Requests without clinical details or with inadequate details will not be processed. The samples are saved for 3 months. Please contact Haematology clinicians if the request has been denied and there are other clinical indicators for testing.	Reference ranges are provided with the results.	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Coagulation	Haematology
INR	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Should only be requested if the patient is on warfarin (Vitamin K antagonist therapy).	See BSCH guidelines.	45 mins	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Insulin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		17.8 - 173 pmol/L	3 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Insulin Antibodies (IgG)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Negative = <5 mg/L Equivocal = 5 - 10 mg/L Positive = >10 mg/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		ug/L Age and sex related ranges. Contact laboratory or see report	3 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Intermediary Metabolites (Part of hypoglycaemia screen)	Fluoride/Glucose	Blood	Includes: Glucose Lactate Free fatty acids 3-Hydroxybutyrate	Comment issued with report.	2 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Iron	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Male = 12 - 31 umol/L Female = 9 - 30 umol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Iron Profile	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please see individual tests	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Islet Cell Antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Negative (or positive)	3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
JAK-2 (Requested via HODS database)	EDTA (Red)	Bone marrow or peripherial blood.	Only requestable by the Haematologists or after discussion with the Haematology medical team.	See report	Report usually available within 7 days via HODS website. Password access only.	HODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Haematology
Lactate	Blood Gas Syringe	Venous Blood Gas For inofmration on interference i nthe lactate assay, please see here		0.6 - 2.5 mmol/L	As required. (contact the lab)	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		120 - 246 U/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Lamotrigine	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		3.0-14.0 mg/L	4 Weeks		Chemical Pathology
Lead	EDTA (Red)	Blood		1.0 - 35.0 ug/dL In the absence of lead exposure, blood lead levels rarely exceed 10 ug/dL. Values greater than this require investigation to identify and remove the source of the lead		Sheffield Northern General Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Lipid Profile (Fasting - 12 hours)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	NB. Consider non-lipid factors in cardio- vascular risk assessment ie. family history of CHD, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and male gender See NICE CKS for CVD risk assessment: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/cvd-risk-assessment-management For information on interferences in our lipid assays, please see here	Total Cholesterol = Desirable <4.0 mmol/L HDL Cholesterol = Desirable >0.90 mmol/L Total:HDL Cholesterol Ratio LDL Cholesterol (calculated) = Desirable <2.0 mmol/L Triglycerides = 0.45 - 1.88 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Lithium	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Therapeutic 0.4 - 1.0 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Luteinizing hormone (LH)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Follicular = 1.9 - 12.5 U/L Mid - Cycle = 8.7 - 76.3 U/L Luteal = 0.5 - 16.9 U/L Post menopausal = 7.9 - 53.8 U/L Adult Male <70 years = 1.5 - 9.3 U/L Adult Male > 70 years 3.1 - 34.6 U/L	<1 day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Magnesium	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult: 0.7 - 1.0 mmol/L Neonate (up to 1 month): 0.6 - 1.0 mmol/L 1 month ? 16 years: 0.7 - 1.0 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Malarial parasites (including RDT screen, thin and thick films stained at pH7.2)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Samples must be received into the laboratory within 2 hours of venepuncture. All positive results are referred to Liverpool school of Tropical medicine for confirmatory testing. Positive results are HPA notifiable within 7days of testing	Reported as presence of a species of malaria as an interim report only (with parasitaemia as a % reported for falciparum only) or negative.	7 Days	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
MCH	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of FBC. Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.	7D = 31.0-39.0 pg 14D = 30.5-37.5 pg 30D = 28.5-35.5 pg 2M = 26.0-33.0 pg 3M = 24.5-30.0 pg 6M = 24.0-29.0 pg 6yr = 24.5-30.0 pg 8yr = 25.2-31.7 pg 10yr = 25.4-31.7 pg 12yr = 26.0-31.7 pg 14yr = 26.9-32.3 pg 16yr = 26.9-32.5 pg >=18yr = 27.0-32.5 pg		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
MCHC	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of FBC. Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.	3D = 308-365 g/l 7D = 303-368 g/l 14D = 298-373 g/l 2M = 303-368 g/l 3M = 300-365 g/l 4M = 308-365 g/l 2yr = 315-365 g/l >2yr = 316-365 g/l		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
MCV	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of FBC. Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.	7D = 100-127 fl 14D = 94-126 fl 30D = 90-116 fl 2M = 82-99 fl 3M = 75-95 fl 6M = 70-88 fl 1yr = 71-84 fl 2yr = 73-84 fl 3yr = 73-85 fl 6yr = 75-86 fl 8yr = 75-89 fl 10yr = 76-90 fl 12yr = 77-90 fl 14yr = 78-93 fl 16yr = 79-95 fl 21yr = 82-100 fl		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Metamyelocytes	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of FBC. Not requestable alone. Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film	(0.00-0.00)		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Metanephrins (Plasma)	EDTA (Red)	Plasma	Avoid stress. Samples viable up to 30 min from collection without ice and for 60 mins with ice.	0 - 510 pmol/L		Freeman Hospital Newcastle	Biochemistry
Microalbumin - Urine (Albumin:creatinine ratio)	White Top Universal	Urine (random)		Male = <2.5 mg/mmol creatinine Female = <3.5 mg/mmol creatinine	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Monocytes	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Refer to FBC. Not requestable alone	1D = 0.2-2.3 2D = 0.2-1.8 30D = 0.2-1.5 6M = 0.3-1.2 1yr = 0.2-1.2 3yr = 0.2-1.0 8yr = 0.2-1.2 16yr = 0.2-1.0 >16yr = 0.2-0.8		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein Antibodies	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		With report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Myelocytes	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Refer to FBC. Not requestable alone. Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film.	Refer to FBC.		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Neurone Specific Enolase (NSE)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		<12.5 ug/L Adult Range Quoted	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Neurotensin	Contact Laboratory	BD Gastrin Bottle		See Gut Hormones	4 Weeks	London, SAS Laboratories	Chemical Pathology
Neutrophils	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of FBC. Not requestable alone.	1D = 2.8-15.0 2D = 2.8-14.6 8D = 2.8-12.0 14D = 1.8-7.8 30D = 1.8-6.8 2M = 1.0-6.0 3M = 0.8-5.5 6M = 1.0-5.5 1yr = 1.3-7.0 2yr = 1.4-7.5 3yr = 1.5-7.5 4yr = 1.6-7.7 5yr = 1.7-7.8 6yr = 1.7-7.4 8yr = 1.7-7.1 9yr = 1.7-7.2 11yr = 1.7-6.7 >11yr = 1.7-6.6		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Oestradiol	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	For information on interference in our oestradiol assay, please see here	Follicular = 72-529 pmol/L Mid-cycle = 235 - 1309 pmol/L Luteal = 205 - 786 pmol/L Post-menopausal = <118 pmol/L Children: F, 2?3 y: <107 pmol/L F, 4?9 y: <160 pmol/L F, 10?11 y: <645 pmol/L F, 12?21 y: <875 pmol/L M, 2?3 y: <189 pmol/L M, 4?9 y: <97 pmol/L M, 10?13 y: <134 pmol/L Adult Male = <146 pmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Oligoclonal bands (CSF)	Plain white top universal form CSF Gel/Serum (Brown)	CSF and Brown Blood Bottle	NB. Blood and CSF required for full interpretation	Narrative report	3 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Organic Acids - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine	5ml. Freeze immediately.	Narrative Report	4 Weeks	Sheffield Children's Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Osmolality - Serum	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		275 - 295 mmol/kg	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Osmolality - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine (random)		50 - 1200 mmol/kg	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
P1NP	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	3 Weeks	Sheffield Northern General Hospital	Chemical Pathology
P3NP (Type III Procollagen Peptide)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Please refer to report	4 Weeks	Manchester, Specialist Assay Laboratory	Chemical Pathology
Pancreatic Elastase	Blue Top Universal	Faeces		See Elastase/Faecal Elastase	2 Weeks	Rotherham Hospital Chemical Pathology	Chemical Pathology
Pancreatic Polypeptide	Contact Laboratory	BD Gastrin Vacutainer		See Gut Hormones	4 Weeks	London, SAS Laboratories	Chemical Pathology
Paracetamol	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	Treatment indicated if above treatment line. See BNF For information on interferences in our paracetamol assay, please see here	Significant toxicity likely: >200 mg/L at 4h >50 mg/L at 12h	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Parathyroid Hormone	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Please send separate EDTA sample for PTH analysis	1.95-8.49 pmol/L (Please note: new units and range from 30/10/2017)	< 1 Day (Monday -Friday)	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Partial Thromboplastin Time	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Part of the Coagulation Screen. Maximum sample viability: 8hrs. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.	For in house testing: 1d = 34.9-47.4 seconds 3d = 31.2-44.0 seconds 1yr = 29.1-35.5 seconds >16yr = >16yr 23.3-33.9 seconds Refer to reference ranges on reports for testing performed as part of any referred tests.		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Partial Thromboplastin Time Ratio (PTTR) for patients on heparin only.	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Maximum sample viability: 8hrs. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.	1.5-2.5		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Phenobarbitone	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	For ? Poisoning telephone lab on 2733 to arrange for urgent courier	Therapeutic 10 - 40 mg/L	<1 Day	Sheffield Northen General Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Phenytoin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Therapeutic 5 - 20 mg/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Phosphate - Serum	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0.80 - 1.50 mmo/L Adult range stated. Please contact lab for age related ranges.	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Phosphate - Urine	24 Hour Acid HCL Urine Container	Urine		15 - 50 mmol/24 hours	<1 Day		Chemical Pathology
PIVKA II	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.	See referral report	2 Weeks	Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Coagulation	Haematology
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Non-smoker = <500 mU/L Smoker = <1500 mU/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Protein Reference Unit	Chemical Pathology
Plasma Viscosity	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Only requestable via Haematology Consultants.	See referral report	2 Weeks	Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Haematology	Haematology
Platelet Clumping	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Occasionally a patient?s platelets react to the EDTA anticoagulant used. The laboratory may request an additional sample to verify this and report an accurate platelet count. If a green (citrated) sample is requested this must be sent with an EDTA for FBC testing.	Reference ranges same as platelets.	As per FBC	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Platelets	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Not requestable alone. Refer to the FBC section. For platelet clumping requests, see platelet clumping.	3D = 125-450 x 10^9/L 7D = 150-450 x 10^9/L 30D = 150-475 x 10^9/L 2M = 180-550 x 10^9/L 3M = 210-650 x 10^9/L 6M = 210-600 x 10^9/L 1yr = 190-530 x 10^9/L 3yr = 190-500 x 10^9/L 6yr = 190-490 x 10^9/L 8yr = 190-440 x 10^9/L 10yr = 185-425 x 10^9/L 12yr = 180-405 x 10^9/L 14yr = 180-400 x 10^9/L 19yr = 170-400 x 10^9/L >21yr = 150-450 x 10^9/L	As per FBC	Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
PNH screen (Peroxysmal nocturnal haemolysis screen)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Only requestable via Haematology Consultants.	See HODS Report	4 Weeks	HODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Haematology
Porphyrins/Porphyria - full screen	2xEDTA (Red) White top Universal container (Urine) Blue Top Stool Container PROTECT ALL SAMPLES FROM LIGHT	EDTA x2 , Fresh random urine sample and small portion of faeces required.	*Protect all samples from light	Reference ranges and comment with report.	3 Weeks	Cardiff, Department of Medical Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Post Vasectomy Semen Analysis	Contact Laboratory	Semen	The RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians) and FPA (Family Planning Association) state that at least two azoospermic, consecutive samples, two to four weeks apart, must be obtained before contraceptive precautions can be dispensed with. NOTE: the laboratory is not accredited for this assay. Initial assessment should be undertaken 16 weeks post vasectomy and after the patient has produced at least 24 ejaculates. A second sample should be submitted 2-4 weeks later. Semen should be collected after an abstinence period of no less than 48 hours and no more than seven days, and maintained at body temperature before delivery to the laboratory. The laboratory must receive the sample within 1 hour of production. Semen samples will only be accepted for testing when received in a pre-weighed, sterile pot provided by the laboratory and with a fully completed request form. Missing information or patient demographic detail may result in the specimen being rejected. Please refer to the information on the request form. Results may also be affected by surgery, previous infection, recent illness or high temperature, prescribed or recreational drugs. Please contact the laboratory if in doubt.	Negative	1 Week		Haematology
Potassium (Serum)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult: 3.5?5.3 mmol/L Neonate (up to 1 month): 3.4 - 6.0 mmol/L Infant (1 month to 1 year): 3.5 - 5.7 mmol/L 1 year to 16 years: 3.5 ? 5.0 mmol/L Adult 3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Potassium (Urine)	White Top Universal (for random urine) or 24 Hour Plain Urine Container (for 24 hour urine)	Urine	Very variable - dependant on dietary intake and should be interpreted with the serum U&Es	25 - 125 mmol/24hr	<1 Day		Chemical Pathology
Pregnancy Test - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine (Early morning collection)		Negative Positive (3-7 days after first missed menstrual peroid)	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Progesterone	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	For information on interferences in our progesterone assay, please see here	Male: 0.89?3.88 nmol/L Normally ovulating females: Follicular phase: 0 - 4.45 nmol/L) Luteal: 10.6 - 81.3 nmol/L Mid-luteal: 14.1 - 89.1 nmol/L Female, postmenopausal: 0 - 2.3 nmol/L Female, pregnant: 1st trimester: 35.7 ? 286.2 nmol/L 2nd trimester: 81.3?284.3 nmol/L 3rd trimester: 153.9 ? 1343.6 nmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Proinsulin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	On ice and separated promptly.	With report	4 Weeks		Chemical Pathology
Prolactin	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		, nonpregnant: 59?619 mIU/L M: 45?375 mIU/L F, pregnant: 206?4420 mIU/L F, postmenopausal: 38?430 mIU/L Children: F, 2?3 y: 65.7?332.8 mIU/L F, 4?9 y: 66.6?334.1 mIU/L F, 10?12 y: 75.0?386.7 mIU/L F, 13?21 y: 89.9?489.7 mIU/L M, 2?3 y: 76.3?606.3 mIU/L M, 4?9 y: 95.4?382.2 mIU/L M, 10?16 y: 67.8?284.9 mIU/L M, 17?21 y: 115.1?326.7 mIU/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Promyelocytes	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of FBC. Not requestable alone. Refer to the FBC section. Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film.	(0.00-0.00)		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	PSA is raised in Ca. prostate and in 25 - 30% of patients with BPH. PSA samples should not be taken from men who have: - an active UTI - ejaculated in the previous 48 hours - exercised vigorously in the previous 48 hours - had a prostate biopsy in the previous 6 weeks. - had a DRE in the previous week. N.B PSA is not tumour specific and is elevated in benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatis etc.	Please refer to NICE guidelines	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Protein - Urine	White Top Universal	Urine	EMU is now preferred or 24 hour. Samples containing the antibiotics amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin should be avoided since these substances falsely increase the urine protein results in our current method	Protein:creatinine ratio (PCR) = <50 mg/mmol creatinine Albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) = <30mg/mmol creatinine 24hr urine protein = <0.15 g/24 hours	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Protein (Total) - Serum	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		57 - 76 g/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Protein C (PC)	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Part of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details. 1 x green sample if requesting alone. Otherwise, refer to Thrombophilia screen. Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.	Report from the referral laboratory.	Refer to the Inherited thrombophilia screen	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Coagulation	Haematology
Protein Electrophoresis	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Narrative Report	1 Week	Rotherham Hospital Immunology	Chemical Pathology
Protein S (PS)	Citrate (Green)	Blood	Part of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details. Test authorised by Haematology consultants only if the request is done in accordance with the guidelines. Appropriate clinical information must be provided or the request may be rejected. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.	Report from the referral laboratory.	Refer to the Inherited thrombophilia screen	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Coagulation	Haematology
Prothrombin 20210A allele genetics (PGM)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test. Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.	Report from the referral laboratory.	Refer to the inherited thrombophilia screen	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Coagulation	Haematology
Prothrombin Time	Citrate (Green)	Blood	The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Refer to the Coagulation Screen for full test requirements.	For in house testing: 1 Day = 14.4-16.4 Seconds 3 Day = 13.5-16.4 Seconds <1 Month = 10.0 -15.0 Seconds >=1 Month = 10.0-14.0 Seconds 1 Year = 11.5-15.3 Seconds >16 Years = 12.4-17.3 seconds		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Pseudocholinesterase (for scoline apnoea)	EDTA (Red)	Blood		With report Details of anaesthetic sensitivity required	4 Weeks	Bristol Cholinesterase Investigation Unit	Chemical Pathology
Quinine	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Therapeutic = 3 - 7 mg/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
RBC	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the FBC.	3D = 3.85-6.50 7D = 3.85-6.40 14D = 3.53-6.20 30D = 3.10-5.20 2M = 2.90-4.60 3M = 3.10-4.65 4M = 3.20-5.00 6M = 3.40-5.10 1yr = 3.70-5.10 6yr = 3.90-5.10 8yr = 4.00-5.10 12yr = 4.15-5.20 Male 15yr = 4.38-5.60 Male 18-20yr = 4.42-5.60 Male >=21yr = 4.33-5.60 Female 15yr = 4.04-5.10 Female 18-20yr = 4.00-5.10 Female >=21yr = 3.85-4.90		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
RBC	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Part of the FBC.	12.2-15.4		Barnsley Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Red cell membrane testing	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Refer to EMA screen for full requirements.				Haematology
Renal Calculi	White Top Universal	Calculi		Narrative Report	4 Weeks	City Hospital Birmingham	Chemical Pathology
Renin (PRA - plasma renin activity)	Lithium Heparin (Orange)	Blood		After overnight recumbency = 1.1 - 2.7 nmol/L/h After 30 min upright = 2.8 - 4.5 nmol/L/h When taken at randomduring the day = 0.5 - 3.5 nmol/L h	2 Weeks	Leeds SAS Centre for Steroid Hormones	Chemical Pathology
Reticulocytes	EDTA (Red)	Blood		<3D = 110-450 x 10^9/L 3D = 50-150 x 10^9/L >=4D = 20-100 x 10^9/L			Haematology
Rheumatoid Factor	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0 - 13 U/mL	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Salicylate	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	For information on interferences in our salicylate assay, please see here	Therapeutic = <250 mg/L Toxicity likely if = >500 mg/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Selenium	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		0.61 - 1.24 umol/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield, Northern General Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Adult Male <50 years = 14.6 -94.6 nmol/L Adult Male >50 years = 21.6-113.3 nmol/L Female pre-menopausal = 10.8- >180 nmol/L Female post-menopausal = 23.2 -159.1 nmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Sezary cells Includes: FBC, Blood film & cell markers	EDTA (Red)	Blood	2 x EDTA samples required. Samples should not be taken on Fridays.	Negative	4 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Cell Marker Laboratory	Haematology
Sickle screen (includes quantitative assay initially followed by Ferritin & HPLC)	EDTA (Red) and Gel/Serum (Brown)	1 x EDTA Blood 1 x Brown Top Blood	For urgent pre-op/sickle crisis only. Urgent requests must be phoned to the laboratory. All requests are followed up with HPLC.	Negative	Urgent HbS screen performed immediately (TAT 1hr). TAT 72hrs for HPLC.	Rotherham Hospital Haematology	Haematology
Sodium (Serum)	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		133 - 146 mmol/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Sodium (Urine)	White Top Universal (for random urine) or 24 Hour Plain Urine Container (for 24 hour urine)	Urine	Very variable - dependent on dietary intake and should be interpreted with the serum U&Es	40 - 220 mmol/24hr	<1 Day		Chemical Pathology
T315 mutation	EDTA (Red)	Blood or Bone Marrow	Only requested by Consultant Haematologists	Refer to HODS database.	8-12 Weeks		Haematology
Tacrolimus	EDTA (Red)	Blood	EDTA Trough Level Please specify transplant type and Unit	Dependent on clinical indication.	4 Weeks	Sheffield Northern General Hospital, or to appropriate Transplant Unit (where possible)	Chemical Pathology
T-cell gene rearrangement	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Sample viability: 24hrs. Samples should not be taken on Fridays. Send to the Blood Sciences laboratory immediately so samples can be referred. Samples should be booked into the HODS database by the requestor. If in doubt, please contact the Blood Sciences laboratory	Report available on the HODS database. Password access only.	8 Weeks	HODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Haematology
T-cell subsets	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Samples should not be taken on Fridays. Send to the Blood Sciences laboratory immediately so samples can be referred. Samples should be booked into the HODS database by the requestor. If in doubt, please contact the Blood Sciences laboratory	Report available via HODS database or as a hardcopy.	4 Weeks	HODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Haematology
Temazepam	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		400 - 850 ug/L	4 Weeks	Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Chemical Pathology
Testing for Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), including Dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban	Citrate (Green)	Blood	NOTE: This is not an assay for monitoring therapy. Type of drug, Date and time of last dose required.	Refer to external report.	2 Weeks	Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Coagulation	Haematology
Testosterone	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood	For information on interferences in our testosterone assay, please see here	Adult Male = 9.3 -32.2 nmol/L Female pre-menopausal = 0.4-2.1nmol/L Female post-menopausal = <0.2-1.7 noml/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Theophylline	Gel/Serum (Brown)	Blood		Therapeutic = 10 - 20 mg/L	<1 Day	Barnsley Hospital Biochemistry	Chemical Pathology
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)	EDTA (Red)	Blood	Protect from light.	66.5-200 nmol/L	2 weeks	Rotherham Hospital Chemical Pathology	Chemical Pathology
Thiopurine Methyltransferase	EDTA (Red)	Blood		Normal = 26 - 50 pmol/h/mgHb Deficiency = <10 pmol/h/mgHb Carrier = 10 - 25 pmol/h/mgHb With comment on report.	4 Weeks	City Hospital Birmingham, Trace Elements laboratory	Chemical Pathology