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Blood Sciences Test Repertoire

A comprehensive guide to blood sciences tests, test requirements, reference ranges, turn-around-times and where tests take place. The link below opens a spreadsheet for the full table, whilst the table below is less comprehensive but features relevant information at a glance.

As with any scientific measurement, all tests have an inherent level of uncertainty. Further information on this can be found on this page on the use of the Blood Science Laboratory.

 

Test table

TestSpecimen Container Background ColourSpecimen ContainerSample TypeComments and special requirementsReference Ranges (Adult ranges stated unless otherwise specified)Average turnaround timeTesting LaboratoryDiscipline to refer to for clinical advice
17-Alpha-HydroxyprogesteroneBrownGel/SerumBloodBabies should be over 48 hours old before testingAdult Ranges
Male - 0-4.9 nmol/L
Female - <5 nmol/L
3 WeeksSAS Centre for SteroidChemical Pathology
5-Alpha-DihydrotestosteroneBrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report4 WeeksSAS Centre for SteroidChemical Pathology
5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)Blue24 Hour Acid HCl Urine ContainerBlood 0 - 40 mmol/24 hours1 WeekRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Acetylcholine Receptor AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 0.2 nmol/L3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Activated Protein C ResistanceGreenCitrateBlood1 x green if requesting APCR only, otherwise refer to Inherited Thrombophilia screen.
Part of the thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details. 
Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
See Referral Report Sheffield Royal Hallamshire CoagulationHaematology
Acquired Thrombophilia Screen (including DRVVT, anti-phospholipid and anti-cardiolipin antibodies)Green and BrownCitrated and SerumBlood3 x Green- Should be received in the laboratory within 4hours of venepuncture.
 
See Referral Report4 weeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire CoagulationHaematology
Acute Kidney Injury score (AKI calculation included as part of an U/E profile)BrownGel/SerumBlood Calculated score of 0-3 indicating possible severity<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Acyl Carnitine ProfileBrownGel/SerumBlood Narrative Report4 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
ADAMTS-13GreenCitrateBloodDiscuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing. Phone the laboratory to inform them that the sample is on its way and is urgent.See Referral Report2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire CoagulationHaematology
Adenosine Deaminase Assay (ADA) for Diamond-Blackfan SyndromeRedEDTABloodOnly requestable by a Consultant Haematologist.Original report sent straight to the requesting clinician.8-12 WeeksLondon Purine Research Unit, Guys HospitalHaematology
Adrenal AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood Negative4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)RedEDTABlood Please refer to report2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)BrownGel/SerumBlood Adult Range 10 - 49 U/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
AlbuminBrownGel/SerumBlood Adult: 35 – 50 g/L
Age 0 to 1 year: 30 - 45g/L 
1 year to 16 years: 30 - 50g/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
AlcoholBrownGel/SerumBloodEnzymatic assay used - satisfactory for clinical purposes but not for medico-legal purposes.Mild Intoxication - 50mg/dL
Severe Intoxication - >300mg/dL
NB. Much inter-individual variation
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
AldosteroneOrangeLithium HeparinBlood Following overnight recumbancy - 100 - 450 pmol/L
When randomly taken during the day - 100 - 850 pmol/L
2 WeeksLeeds SAS CentreChemical Pathology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)BrownGel/SerumBlood Age up to 1 month 70 - 380U/L
Age 1 month to 16 years 60 - 425U/L
Adult range 30 to 130U/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Alkaline Phosphatase IsoenzymesBrownGel/SerumBlood Available only after discussion with the Chemical Pathologist.4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Alpha thalassaemia DNA analysisRedEDTABloodOnly requestable by a Consultant Haematologist.Refer to the external report.8-12 WeeksOxford National Haemoglobinopathy Reference CentreChemical Pathology
Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein (Orosomucoid)BrownGel/SerumBlood Male 5-50 Years- 0.6-1.2 g/L
Male over 50 Years- 0.8-2.0 g/L
Female 5-50 Years- 0.4-1.0 g/L
Female over 50 Years- 0.8-2.0 g/L
4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Alpha-1-AntitrypsinBrownGel/SerumBlood 1.10 - 2.10 g/L - Adult Range4 WeeksRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin PhenotypeBrownGel/SerumBlood  4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Alpha-2-MacroglobulinBrownGel/SerumBlood Male - 1.3-3.5 g/L (>45yrs of age)
Female - 1.4-4.0 g/L (>45yrs of age)
4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)BrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 6.7 kU/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Alpha-Galactosidase ( for Fabry's test)GreyBlood SpotBlood Narrative ReportWeeksManchester, WillinkChemical Pathology
AluminiumBrownGel/SerumBloodOr ALU free specimen container.Please refer to report4 WeeksSheffield Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
Amino Acids - PlasmaOrangeLithium HeparinBlood Narrative Report3 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
Amino Acids - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine Narrative Report3 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
AmiodaroneBrownGel/SerumBlood 0.6 - 2.5 mg/L4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
AmmoniaOrangeLithium HeparinBloodSample to be taken in the hospital and delivered by hand promptly to the laboratory ON ICE. Do NOT send via the POD system.Age up to 1 month <100 umol/L
Age above 1 month <40 umol/L
<1 HourBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
AmylaseBrownGel/SerumBlood 30 - 118 U/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Amylase - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine 0 - 650 U/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Amylase IsoenzymesBrownGel/SerumBlood Available only after discussion with the Chemical Pathologist4 WeeksLondon Great Ormond Street HospitalChemical Pathology
AmyloidBrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Anabolic Steroids - UrineBlue24 Hour Plain Urine ContainerUrine Please refer to report4 WeeksLondon SAS Steroid Profiling LaboratoryChemical Pathology
Anafranil (Clomipramine)BrownGel/SerumBlood 20 - 70 ug/L4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
AndrostendioneBrownGel/SerumBlood Pre-pubertal male and female- <1.4 nmol/L
Provisional adult male- 1.3 - 5.8 nmol/L
Provisional adult female without PCO in early follicular phase- 1.1 - 5.7 nmol/L
3 WeeksLeeds SAS CentreChemical Pathology
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)BrownGel/SerumBlood 20-70 U/L1 WeekRoyal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Ante-natal screening for sickle disease and thalassaemiaRedEDTABloodFamily Origin questionnaire initiates ante-natal sickle and thalassaemia screening. All information must be completed on the FOQ and signed by the midwife completing the form.
FBC must be tested within 24hrs of venepuncture. If not sending straight to lab, store at 4oC.
See haemoglobinopathy screen for reference range.Tested Monday to Friday TAT 72 HoursRotherham Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Anti- Smooth MuscleBrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 10 daysNegative2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
Anti thrombin IIIGreenCitrateBloodPart of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details. 
1 x green if requesting APCR only, otherwise refer to Inherited Thrombophilia screen. 
Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing (within 4 hours of venepuncture).
Refer to report.4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire CoagulationHaematology
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (includes IgG & IgM antibodies)BrownGel/SerumBloodPart of the Acquired Thrombophlia screen. Can be requested individually.IgG - 0-10 GPLIU/ml
IgM - 0-7 MPLIU/ml
4 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
Anti-CCP antibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 5.0 U/mL<1 Day (Monday to Friday)Barnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Arginine Vasporessin (AVP)OrangeLithium HeparinBloodNot routinely available - Discuss with Chemical Pathologist prior to requesting.Please refer to report Newcastle SAS LaboratoryChemical Pathology
Anti-gastric parietal cellBrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 10 days.
Only tested if specifically requested or if ANA result is positive.
Negative2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
Anti-Myelin Associated Glycoprotein Antibodies (anti-MAG)BrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Anti-Neuronal (paraneoplastic) AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)BrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 10 days.
Positive results reflex for ENA & DNA testing.
Negative.2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
Anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)BrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 10 days.
Positive results are batched and tested weekly for MPO & PR3.
Negative.3 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
Anti-ThyroglobulinBrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Anti-TNFBrownGel/SerumBlood Refer to external report.4 WeeksCity Hospital BirminghamChemical Pathology
Anti-Xa levelGreenCitrateBloodTaken 4 - 6 hours post-injection.
The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested. Additional information required, Time and date of last injection, time and date sample was taken, type of heparin.
Refer to external report.2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire CoagulationHaematology
Ascorbic AcidBrownGel/SerumBloodNot routinely available - Discuss with Chemical Pathologist prior to requesting.Please refer to report Rotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)BrownGel/SerumBlood Adult range <34 U/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Autoantibody screen: See anti-nuclear antibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood  2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
Basement Membrane AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood Negative2 WeeksRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
BasophilsRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.
14D - 0.00-0.20 x109/L
2M - 0.00-0.17 x109/L
1yr - 0.00-0.16 x109/L
12yr - 0.00-0.12 x109/L
>12yr - 0.00-0.10 x109/L
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
BCR-ABL (including T315 mutation)   Please see link below for specimen requirements. Http://www.sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk/SDGS.htm
All genetic studies require that patients have been appropriately counselled. 
Samples collected on Fridays will NOT be processed.
Hardcopy report sent directly to the requesting clinician.8-12 WeeksSheffield Children's Hospital Genetics ServiceHaematology
Bence Jones Protein - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrineEarly AM UrineNegative1 WeekBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Beta 2-MicroglobulinBrownGel/SerumBlood 1.2 - 2.4 mg/L2 WeeksRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Beta-HCGBrownGel/SerumBlood Pregnancy - >25 U/L
Tumour Marker - <5 U/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
BicarbonateGreyBlood Gas SyringeVenous GasOnly analysed as part of Blood Gas analysis22 - 26 mmol/L< 1 HourBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Bile AcidsBrownGel/SerumBloodIdeally collect fasting sample (results can be increased in non-fasting samples<10 umol/L1 WeekRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Bilirubin - ConjugatedBrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 5 umol/L<3 HoursBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Bilirubin - TotalBrownGel/SerumBlood < 21 umol/L<3 HoursBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
BiotinidaseOrangeLithium HeparinBlood 2.5 - 10.5 U/L4 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
BlastsRedEDTABloodRefer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone. Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film.0.0-0.00 x109/L Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Blood filmRedEDTABloodEDTA taken from the FBC sample.
Can be specifically requested but please provide clinical details.
Add ons must be requested asap within 24hrs. Blood film morphology cannot be accurately reviewed after this time.
Blood film generated on basis of FBC results.Blood films are reviewed within 24hrs. If consultant comments are required TAT can be up to 72hrs.Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Blood GasesGreyBlood Gas SyringeArterial BloodPlease notify the laboratory.
Please send directly to the laboratory.
pH - 7.35 - 7.45
pCO2 - 4.5 - 6.1 kPa
pO2 - 12.0 - 15.0 kPa
Bicarbonate - 22 - 26 mmol/L
< 1 HourBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Bone Alkaline PhosphotaseBrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report3 WeeksSheffield Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
Bone Marrow (Requested via HODS database)Grey1 x Bone Marrow Aspirate in EDTA Tube
1 x Bone Marrow Aspirate in Sterile Universal
1 x Bone Marrow Trephine in Specimen Pot with Bone Marrow Medium
Bone MarrowOnly requestable by the Haematologists or after discussion with the Haematology medical team.See reportReport usually available within 7 days via HODS website. Password access only. Haematology
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)RedEDTABloodSeparate EDTA required from FBC/ESR/ HbA1cBNP <100 ng/L: Heart failure (HF) very improbable
BNP 100-500 ng/L: If clinical suspicion of HF then HF probable
BNP > 500 ng/L: HF very probable
<3 HoursBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
BromideBrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 0.25 mmol/L4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
C1 Esterase InhibitorRedEDTABloodPlease send 2 x EDTA samples.0.15 - 0.43 g/L
 
2-3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
C3BrownGel/SerumBlood 0.75 - 1.65 g/L1 WeekRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
C4BrownGel/SerumBlood 0.14 - 0.54 g/L1 WeekRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CaeruloplasminBrownGel/SerumBlood 0.20 - 0.60 g/L1 WeekRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CaffeineOrangeLithium HeparinBloodAnalysed on Tuesday.On high dose regime 10-35 mg/L4 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
CalcitoninBrownGel/SerumBloodDiscuss with Chemical Pathologist before requesting.
Fasting serum sample required. 
Promptly deliver to laboratory on ice. 
 
With report2 WeeksLondon SAS LaboratoriesChemical Pathology
Calcium - UrineBlue24 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrine 2.5 - 7.5 mmol/24 hours<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Calcium ProfileBrownGel/SerumBlood Please see individual tests<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CalciumBrownGel/SerumBloodReference range for white Caucasions only (may be higher in other ethnic groups)1 month 2.0 - 2.7 mmol/L
1 month to 16 years 2.2 - 2.7 mmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Adjusted CalciumBrownGel/SerumBloodReference range for white Caucasions only (may be higher in other ethnic groups)Adult Range 2.2 - 2.6 mmol/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CalprotectinPurpleBlue Top UniversalFaeces  2 WeeksRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CarbamazepineBrownGel/SerumBlood Therapeutic 4 - 12 mg/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA 125)BrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 35 kU/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Antigen 153 (CA 153)BrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 30 kU/L2 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Antigen 199 (CA 199)BrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 35 kU/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Carbohydrate Deficient TransferrinBrownGel/SerumBlood With report4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
CarboxyhaemoglobinGreyBlood Gas SyringeArterial Blood Non-smokers = up to 1.5%
Smokers = up to 6.5%
Heavy smokers = up to 9.0%
When required (Inform the laboratory)Barnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)BrownGel/SerumBlood Non Smokers <2.5 ug/L
Smokers <5.0 ug/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CarnitineOrangeLithium HeparinBlood Total - 23 - 60 umol/L
Free - 15 - 53 umol/L
4 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
Catecholamines - UrineBlue24 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrineSee information on website for interfering substances: https://www.barnsleyhospital.nhs.uk/pathology/blood-sciences/test-repertoire/sample-requirementsAdrenaline - 0 – 150 nmol/24 hours
Noradrenaline - 0 – 570 nmol/24 hours
Dopamine - 0 – 3240 nmol/24 hours 
Metanephrine - 0 – 1.62 µmol/24 hours
Normetanephrine - 0 – 2.13 µmol/24 hours
1 WeekRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CD4/CD8RedEDTABloodSample must be kept at ambient room temperature. Sample must be tested within 24hrs of venepuncture.
Samples should not be sent to the laboratory on Friday.
See report4 WeeksRotherham Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Cell Markers including T SubsetsRedEDTABloodSample must be kept at ambient room temperature. Sample must be tested within 24hrs of venepuncture.
Samples should not be sent to the laboratory on Friday.
RHH can only process new suspected acute leukaemia's on Fridays.
Hardcopy report sent to the requesting clinician.4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Cell Marker LaboratoryHaematology
Chloride - SerumBrownGel/SerumBlood 95 - 108 mmol/L< 1 Day - if requestedBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Chloride - UrineBlue24 Hour Plain Urine ContainerUrine 110 - 250 mmol/24 hours<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Cholesterol (Random)BrownGel/SerumBlood See fasting lipid profile<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Cholinesterase - Acetyl (pesticide exposure)RedEDTABloodPlease send 2 x EDTA samples. 4 WeeksBuxton Health Sciences GroupChemical Pathology
Cholinesterase - Pseudo (scoline sensitivity)RedEDTABlood  4 WeeksBristol Cholinesterase Investigation UnitChemical Pathology
Cholinesterase (see Pseudocholinesterase)BrownGel/SerumBloodDetails of anaesthetic sensitivity required.With report4 WeeksBristol Cholinesterase Investigation UnitChemical Pathology
ChromiumRedEDTABlood  4 WeeksBirmingham Trace Elements LaboratoryChemical Pathology
Chromogranin ABrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 60 pmol/L3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Chromogranin BGreyContact LaboratoryTrasylol  4 WeeksLondon, SAS LaboratoriesChemical Pathology
Chromosomes   Patients must have been given genetic counselling prior to any samples being taken. 
Samples collected on Fridays will not be processed. 
Please see link below for specimen requirements. Http://www.sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk/SDGS.htm DNA is stored by SCH after testing. 
Add on requests should be discussed with SCH directly.
Contact details for Sheffield Children's Hospital. Tel:+44(0)11427 17003 (Molecular) Tel:+44(0)11427 17021 (Cyto)
Hardcopy report sent directly to the requesting clinician.8-12 WeeksSheffield Children's Hospital Genetics ServiceHaematology
Chymotrypsin - FaecalPurpleBlue Top UniversalFaeces With reportReferredLeeds, Department of Clinical BiochemistryChemical Pathology
C-KIT mutationRedEDTAPeripheral blood or bone marrow in EDTAOnly requestable by Consultant Haematologists. Requests should be booked into HODS by the requesting Clinician.Refer to HODS database.8-12 WeeksHODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalHaematology
CKMBBrownGel/SerumBlood 20 - 70 ug/LReferredSheffield Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
ClomipramineBrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to reportReferredSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Coagulation ScreenGreenCitrateBloodContact the lab for urgent requests. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore, under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
Sample viability: 8hrs from venepuncture. 
Includes :- PT/PTT/FIB
Refer to individual tests for reference ranges<1 DayBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Conjugated Bilirubin (? Gilberts syndrome)BrownGel/SerumBlood  ReferredSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
CopperBrownGel/SerumBlood Male - 11-27.2 mmol/L
Female Adult <48yrs - 11 - 38.9 mmol/L 
Female >48yrs - 11-27.2 mmol/L
 Rotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Cortisol - SerumBrownGel/SerumBloodPlease note that cortisol should ideally be assessed early in the morning. Adrenal insufficiency can only be excluded by Short Synacthen Test. This method cross-reacts with Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone.Adult ranges:
Morning: 140 - 500 nmol/L
Afternoon: 85-460 nmol/L
Midnight: <100 nmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Cortisol - UrineBlue24 Hour Plain Urine ContainerUrine 10-147 nmol/24 hoursReferredLeeds SAS Centre for Steroid HormonesChemical Pathology
Cows Milk Antibodies (Lactalbumin, Lactoglobulin & Casein)BrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to reportReferredSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
C-PeptideBrownGel/SerumBloodSeparate immediately.Please refer to reportReferredSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital or The Clinical Laboratory, GuildfordChemical Pathology
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)BrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 5.0 mg/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Creatine Kinase (CK)BrownGel/SerumBlood Up to 3 months 28 - 470 U/L
3 months to 1 year 24 - 240U/L
1 to 11 years 24 - 175U/L
11 to 15 years 24 - 175U/L
15 to 18 years 27 - 145U/L
Male above 18 years - 40 - 320 U/L
Female above 18 years - 25 - 200 U/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Creatinine (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBloodIf patient treated with N-acetylcysteine results may be falsely low.

At toxic paracetamol levels, paracetamol metabolites may also give falsely low creatinine results
Male, 0 - <14 days: 27 - 81 umol/L
Male, 14d - <1yr: 14 - 34 umol/L
Male, 1 - <3yr: 15 - 31 umol/L
Male, 3 - <5yr: 23 - 37 umol/L
Male, 5 - <7yr: 25 - 42 umol/L
Male, 7 - <9yr: 30 - 48 umol/L
Male, 9 - <11yr: 28 - 57 umol/L
Male, 11yr: 36 - 64 umol/L
Male, 12yr: 36 - 67 umol/L
Male, 13yr: 38 - 76 umol/L
Male, 14yr: 40 - 83 umol/L
Male, 15yr: 47 - 98 umol/L
Male, 16yr: 54 - 99 umol/L
Female, 0 - <14 days: 27 - 81 umol/L
Female, 14d - <1yr: 14 - 34 umol/L
Female, 1 - <3yr: 15 - 31 umol/L
Female, 3 - <5yr: 23 - 37 umol/L
Female, 5 - <7yr: 25 - 42 umol/L
Female, 7 - <9yr: 30 - 48 umol/L
Female, 9 - <11yr: 28 - 57 umol/L
Female, 11yr: 36 - 64 umol/L
Female, 12yr: 36 - 67 umol/L
Female, 13yr: 38 - 74 umol/L
Female, 14yr: 43 - 75 umol/L
Female, 15yr: 44 - 79 umol/L
Female, 16yr: 48 - 81 umol/L
Adult Male 53 - 97 umol/L
Adult Female 44 - 71 umol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Creatinine (Urine)GreyWhite Top Universal (for random urine) or 24 Hour Plain Urine Container (for 24 hour urine)Urine Male 7.1 - 17.7 mmol/24 hours
Female 5.3 - 15.9 mmol/24 hours
<1 Day Chemical Pathology
Creatinine ClearanceGreyMultipleBrown Top Blood + 24 Hour Plain Urine 70 - 170 mL/min< 1 Day Chemical Pathology
CryoglobulinsGreyContact LaboratoryBlood Narrative ReportAs RequiredRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
CSF - Oligoclonal BandsGreyMultipleCSF in White Top Universal + Brown Blood SampleDeliver by hand, do NOT use pneumatic tube system. 4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
CSF - Xanthochromia screenWhiteWhite Top UniversalCSF(Min 0.5ml) 
Final sample required. 
Sample must be protected from natural light. Sample must be kept in the dark. 
Deliver by hand, do NOT use pneumatic tube system.
 3 DaysRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CSF -ScreenWhiteWhite Top UniversalCSFDeliver by hand, do NOT use pneumatic tube systemCSF Protein age dependant:
<1 year old 0.1-1.2g/L
>1 year old 0.1-0.4g/L
CSF glucose should be cross referenced to a serum glucose analysed at the same time.
 Barnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
CyclosporinRedEDTABlood Depends on clinical indication4 WeeksSheffield Northern General Hospital (under normal circumstances) or Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital or Leeds, Department of Transplant ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Cystine - White Cell/LeucocyteOrangeLithium HeparinBlood  4 WeeksLeeds Department of Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
Cytogenetics (including basic chromosome analysis, karyotyping and FISH)GreyMultiple1 X Blood in EDTA Container
1 X Blood in Orange Lithium Heparin Container
 Refer to external report.8-12 Weeks Chemical Pathology
CytokinesOrangeLithium HeparinBloodSample must be received by the referral laboratory within 24hours of venepuncture.
Samples should not be taken Thursday or Friday.
Refer to external report8-12weeksLondon St. George’s HospitalHaematology
D DimerGreenCitrateBloodSample viability: 8hrs from venepuncture.
DIC should be added to the request form if this is suspected. Contact the laboratory for urgent requests. The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label. The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
<0.5 ug/mlTAT for urgent requests: 45 minsBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS)BrownGel/SerumBlood Pre adrenarche (1 -5yr) <1 umol/L
Female Post Puberty - 24yr = 2.7-11.0 
Female 25 - 34yr = 2.1-10.0
Female 35 - 49yr = 1.3-8.5
Female 50 - 59yr = 1.0-7.0
Female 60 - 69yr = <6.0
Female >70yr = <5.0
Male Post Puberty - 24 yr = 3.6-13.0
Male 25 - 34yr = 2.9-12.0
Male 35 - 49yr = 1.7-10.0
Male 50 - 59yr = 1.0-8.0
Male 60 - 69yr = <7.0
Male >70yr = <6.0
ReferredLeeds SAS Centre for Steroid HormonesChemical Pathology
DigoxinBrownGel/SerumBloodPlease ensure samples are collected immediately pre-dose or at least 8 hours post dose.
Digoxin toxicity can occur even when serum digoxin concentration is within the therapeutic range; always interpret results in the clinical context.
Toxicity can occur at <2.0 ug/L in hypokalaemia, hypoxia, increased sympathetic activity, hypercalcaemia, hypernatraemia, hypomagnesemia, alkalosis or hypothyroidism.
Patients treated for digoxin toxicity: Digifab interferes with digoxin immunoassays; no clinical benefit in checking digoxin levels after administration.
See: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/atrial-fibrillation/prescribing-information/digoxin/
Therapeutic range for Digoxin: 0.7-2.0 ug/L (see NICE Clinical Guideline for Atrial Fibrillation https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/atrial-fibrillation/prescribing-information/digoxin/. 
Therapeutic target of 0.5-1.0 ug/L may be appropriate in heart failure 
Patients treated for digoxin toxicity: Digifab interferes with digoxin immunoassays; no clinical benefit in checking digoxin levels after administration.
DailyBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
DNABrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 10 days.<20 IU/ml1 WeekRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Dopamine - UrineBlue24 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrine  2 WeeksRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Downs Screening (Double Test)BrownGel/SerumBloodRequest to be ordered only on specific Downs Screening stationary.  Sheffield Department of ImmunologyContact Immunology directly.
Drugs of Abuse - Confirmation & Identification of Opiates - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrineReferred only when specifically requested following positive identification of opiates within urine drug screen. 4 WeeksCity Hospital Birmingham, Trace Elements laboratoryChemical Pathology
Drugs of Abuse Screen - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrinePlease note that this screening method does not accurately identify the presence of MDMA and MDANegative
Positive
<1 Week Chemical Pathology
ElastasePurpleBlue Top UniversalFaeces  2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Electrophoresis - ProteinBrownGel/SerumBlood Narrative Report1 WeekRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
EMA screen (for hereditary spherocytosis)RedEDTABloodMinimum of 0.5ml of sample (Sample must be <48 hours old).
Testing should be performed on patients >1year old as results may not be interpretable.
Refer to report.2 WeeksSheffield Children's Hospital HaematologyHaematology
ENA ScreenBrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 10 days.Negative
Positive screens have further confirmatory testing performed.
2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
Endomysial Antibodies (IgA)BrownGel/SerumBlood Negative2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Endomysial Antibodies (IgG)BrownGel/SerumBloodUsually laboratory initiated test.Negative3 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
EosinophilsRedEDTABloodPart of the FBC. 
Refer to FBC for request information.
3D = 0.05 - 1.23 x109/L
14D = 0.05 - 1.00 x109/L
10yr = 0.05 - 0.88 x109/L
11yr = 0.05 - 0.80 x109/L
15yr = 0.05 - 0.70 x109/L
16yr = 0.05 - 0.60 x109/L
>16yr = 0.05 - 0.45 x109/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Erythrocyte Sedimentaiton Rate (ESR)RedEDTABlood1ml minimum required for ESR testing. 
Sample viability 24 hours.
Lab must be informed of urgent requests for temporal arteritis.
<70yrs = 1-15 mm/hr
>70yrs: 1-30 mm/hr
1 Hour (Urgent tests), 4 Hours (Routine tests)Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Erythropoietin Levels (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 10 days3.0-18.0 mIU/ml6 WeeksRotherham Hospital HaematologyHaematology
EthosuximideBrownGel/SerumBlood  4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Ethylene GlycolBrownGel/SerumBlood  <2 DaysSheffield Northern General Hospital, Toxicology DepartmentChemical Pathology
Exon 12 mutationRedEDTABloodOnly requestable by the Haematology Consultants. Must be requested via the HODS database by the requesting clinician.Refer to HODS database6 WeeksHODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalHaematology
Fabry’s (α - galactosidase)GreyBlood SpotBlood Spot Narrative Report4 WeeksManchester, WillinkChemical Pathology
Factor AssaysGreenCitrateBlood2-4 green (adult or paediatric), depending on how many factors are requested. 
Send to the laboratory immediately.
Requests for factor assays should be approved by the Consultant Haematologists. Please discuss with them before sending a request, otherwise testing may be delayed. Urgent requests should be telephoned to the lab
See individual factors for reference ranges.TAT is dependent upon the urgency of the request. Routine requests may take up to two weeks for a report to be generated.Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
Factor IIGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 0.41-0.69 Units/L
3D = 0.50-0.73 Units/L
1yr = 0.62-1.03 Units/L
5yr = 0.70-1.09 Units/L
10yr = 0.67-1.10 Units/L
16yr = 0.61-1.07 Units/L
>18yr = 0.78-1.38 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor IXGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 0.35-0.56 Units/L
3D = 0.44-0.97 Units/L
1yr = 0.43-1.21 Units/L
5yr = 0.44-1.27 Units/L
10yr = 0.48-1.45 Units/L
16yr = 0.64-2.16 Units/L
>18yr = 0.59-2.54 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor VGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 0.64-1.03 Units/L
3D = 0.92 - 1.54 Units/L
1yr = 0.94 - 1.41 Units/L
5yr = 0.67 - 1.27 Units/L
10yr = 0.56 - 1.41 Units/L
16yr = 0.67 - 1.41 Units/L
>18yr = 0.78-1.52 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor V Leiden (Genetics) See Inherited Thrombophilia testing if requesting as part of a battery.RedEDTABloodSend immediately to the laboratory.
All requests are audited to ensure that these tests are performed only where appropriate. The criteria for testing are based on BCSHGuideline: Investigation & Management of Heritable Thrombophilia BJH 114:512-528 2001.
Requests without clinical details or with inadequate details will not be processed. The samples are saved for 3 months. Please contact Haematology clinicians if the request has been denied and there are other clinical indicators for testing.
Is requestable as an individual test but will only be performed if the Activated Protein C Resistance result is abnormal.
Refer to external report.4 Weeks Haematology
Factor VIIGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 0.52-0.88 Units/L
3D = 0.67-1.07 Units/L
1yr = 0.83-1.60 Units/L
5yr = 0.72-1.50 Units/L
10yr = 0.70-1.56 Units/L
16yr = 0.69-2.00 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor VIIIGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 1.05-3.29 Units/L
3D = 0.83-2.74 Units/L
1yr = 0.54-1.45 Units/L
5yr = 0.36-1.85 Units/L
10yr = 0.52-1.82 Units/L
16yr = 0.59-2.00 Units/L
>18yr = 0.52-2.90 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor XGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 0.46-0.67 Units/L
3D = 0.46-0.75 Units/L
1M = 0.77-1.22 Units/L
5M = 0.72-1.25 Units/L
10M = 0.68-1.25 Units/L
16yr = 0.53-1.22 Units/L
>18yr = 0.96-1.71 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor XIGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 0.07-0.41 Units/L
3D = 0.24-0.79 Units/L
1yr = 0.62-1.25 Units/L
5yr = 0.65-1.62 Units/L
10yr = 0.65-1.62 Units/L
16yr = 0.65-1.30 Units/L
>18yr = 0.67-1.96 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor XIIGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays test1D = 0.43-0.80 Units/L 
3D = 0.13-0.97 Units/L
1yr = 0.20-1.35 Units/L
5yr = 0.36-1.35 Units/L
10yr = 0.26-1.37 Units/L
16yr = 0.14-1.17 Units/L
>18yr = 0.35-2.07 Units/L
See Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Factor XIIIGreenCitrateBloodRefer to factor assays testSee Factor assaysSee Factor assaysSee Factor assaysHaematology
Faecal CalprotectinPurpleBlue Top UniversalFaeces  2 WeeksRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Faecal Elastase see ElastasePurpleBlue Top UniversalFaeces  2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital 
FBC Includes: Platelets, White cell count, Red count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Hct, RDW, LUC and White cell differential (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils & basophils)RedEDTABloodMinimum 50ul.
The laboratory must be phoned/bleeped for urgent requests.
For reference ranges, refer to individual tests.Routine <2 hours
Urgent <1 hour
Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Ferritin (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBloodConsider measuring blood lead in any child presenting with possible iron deficiency and pica.Male 22 - 322 ug/L
Female 10 - 291 ug/L
<1 dayBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
FibrinogenGreenCitrateBloodPart of Coagulation Screen.
Refer to Coagulation Screen
1 day = 1.92-3.74 g/l
3 days = 2.83-4.01 g/l
1 yr = 0.82-3.83 g/l
>16yrs = 1.90-4.10 g/l
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Fish Odour Syndrome (Trimethylaminuria)Blue24 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrine   Sheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
FlecainideBrownGel/SerumBlood 200 - 800 ug/L4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Folate (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBlood1 x 4.9ml>5.4 ug/L<1 dayBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)BrownGel/SerumBlood Follicular = 2.5 - 10.2 U/L
Mid - Cycle = 3.4 - 33.4 U/L
Luteal = 1.5 - 9.1 U/L
Post menopausal = 23.0 - 116.3 U/L
Male = 1.4 - 18.1 U/L
<1 dayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Free Androgen Index (Calculated from testosterone and SHBG)BrownGel/SerumBlood Adult male <50 years = 14.5-80.3
Adult male >50 years = 9.4-52.5
Female pre menopausal = 0.3-9.8
Female post menopausal = 0.2-5.9
 Barnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Free Fatty AcidsYellowFluorideBlood See Hypoglycemia Screen Barnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Free Light Chains (serum)BrownGel/SerumBlood Free Kappa = 3.3 - 19.4 mg/L
Free Lambda = 5.7 - 26.3 mg/L
Kappa/Lambda ration = 0.26 - 1.65
3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Free Light Chains (urine)WhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine  3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Free Thyroxine (fT4)BrownGel/SerumBlood Adult range = 10.0 - 18.7 pmol/L
Please contact laboratory if age related ranges required
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Free Tri-iodothyronine (fT3)BrownGel/SerumBlood Adult range = 3.5 - 6.5 pmol/L
Please contact laboratory if age related ranges required
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
FructosamineBrownGel/SerumBlood  4 WeeksMiddlesex, Department of Clinical BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Galactosaemia ScreenOrangeLithium HeparinBlood Negative3 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
Gamma-Glutamyl TransferaseBrownGel/SerumBlood Adult Male - 0-73 U/L
Adult Female - 0-38 U/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
GastrinRedContact LaboratoryPlease contact the laboratory (01226) 432733. Must be delivered within 15 minutes of the drawPart of gut hormone screen.
Fasting sample required.
Stop PPls 2 weeks before and H2 blockers 3 days before sampling, for more details contact Duty Biochemist.
0 - 40 pmol/L4 WeeksLondon, SAS LaboratoriesChemical Pathology
Gene studies   For Sample requirements visit: http://www.sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk/sdgs.htm
All genetic studies require patients to have been appropriately counselled. 
GPs requesting these studies should contact the referral lab directly to obtain approval and specimen requirements before proceeding with sample collection.
Contact details for Sheffield Children's Hospital:Tel:+44(0)11427 17003 (Molecular)
Samples collected on Fridays will not be processed. 
DNA is stored by SCH after testing. 
Add on requests should be discussed with SCH directly.
Hardcopy report sent directly to the requesting clinician from the referral laboratory.8-12 WeeksSheffield Children's Hospital Genetics ServiceHaematology
Genetics   See Gene Studies Referred  
GentamicinBrownGel/SerumBlood If advice is required please contact pharmacy<1 DayBarnsley Hospital Biochemistry 
Glandular Fever ScreenBrownGel/SerumBloodSample viable for 24 hours or 48 hours if kept between 2-8C.
Should be requested with an FBC.
Negative<1 DayBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Gliadin AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood Negative2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Glomerular Basement Membrane Abs (GBM)BrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 20 U/mL3 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyHaematology
GlucagonGreyContact LaboratoryBD Gastrin VacutainerContact Laboratory for container0 - 50 pmol/L
(Part of gut hormone screen)
ReferredLondon SAS CentreChemical Pathology
GlucoseBrownGel/SerumBlood Normal fasting = < 7.0 mmol/L
Fasting indicative of Diabetes Mellitus = > 7.0 mmol/L 
Random indicative of Diabetes Mellitus = > 11.1 mmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Glucose-6-Dehydrogenase Phosphate (G6PD)RedEDTABloodMinimum 50ul.
Testing will only be carried out in accordance with the following guidelines:
A possible drug induced haemolytic episode is suspected with testing limited to those following use of Glibenclamide, Nalidixic Acid, Nitrofurantoin and Primaquine.
A positive family history 
In neonates who have definite evidence of a congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia.
A patient is being screened for G6PD prior to being started on KRYSTEXXA therapy for gout
NB reticulocytosis will cause an increase in G6PD levels negating the usefulness of testing in this setting.
Refer to the external reportReferred - 2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Haemolysis LaboratoryHaematology
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)RedEDTABlood In diabetes aim for <53 mmol/mol 
In adults, HbA1c of greater or equal to 48 mmol/mol is the recommended cut-off for diagnosing diabetes mellitus (repeat measurement required in asymptomatic individuals). See NICE/WHO guidelines for further details
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Growth HormoneBrownGel/SerumBlood Adult Male = 0-2.5 ug/L
Adult Female = 0.13-9.9 ug/L
3 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Gut HormonesRedContact LaboratoryPlease contact the laboratory (01226) 432733. Must be delivered within 15 minutes of the drawPlease refer to information for Gastrin.Gastrin = <40 pmol/L
Glucagon = <50 pmol/L
Neurotensin (specific request) = <100 pmol/L
Pancreatic Poypeptide = <300 pmol/L
Somatostatin = <150 pmol/L
VIP = <30 pmol/L
Chromogranin A = <60 pmol/L
Chromogranin B = <150 pmol/L
ReferredLondon, SAS LaboratoriesChemical Pathology
Haemochromatosis gene testing (HFE gene)RedEDTABlood2 x EDTA samples required.
Routine screening should be carried out prior to genetic testing. Requests are only approved if appropriate clinical details and previous blood results are indicative for genetic testing.
Ideally should not be taken on Fridays.
Refer to the external reportReferred 8-12 weeksSheffield Diagnostic Genetic Service, Sheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
HaemoglobinRedEDTABloodPart of the FBC.
Not requestable alone.
3D = 145-230
7D = 140-222
14D = 130-195
30D = 115-167
2M = 94-132
3M = 98-132
4M = 102-137
6M = 103-137
1YR = 105-137
2YR = 107-134
3YR = 110-135
5YR = 110-136
6YR = 111-138
7YR = 113-142
8YR = 115-142
10YR = 117-145
11YR = 118-145
12YR = 120-147
Male 14YR = 124-156
Male 16YR = 131-163
Male 18YR = 129-165
Male >=21YR = 132-169
Female 14YR = 132-169
Female 16YR = 117-156
Female 18YR = 117-157
Female >=21YR = 119-149
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2)RedEDTABloodPart of the Haemoglobinopathy screen. 
Not requestable alone.
2.0-3.5% Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Haemoglobin F (HbF)RedEDTABloodPart of the Haemoglobinopathy screen. 
Not requestable alone.
<2 %
HbF<4.0% in pregnancy
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Haemoglobin VariantsRedEDTABloodRefer to Haemoglobinopathy screen.Negative  Haematology
Haemoglobinopathy screen Includes Haemoglobin A2, Haemoglobin F, FBC, Blood Film, Ferritin   Tested Mon-Fri 
For urgent sickle cell screening for pre-operative cases or ?Sickle cell crises refer to sickle screen.
For Partner testing, please provide the details of woman.
For antenatal screening, refer to FOQ testing.
Refer to individual tests listed in the haemoglobinopathy screen for reference rangesTAT for full HPLC report 72hrsRotherham Hospital Haematology
Positive results/variants are referred to Nottingham Queen’s Medical Centre for confirmation.
Haematology
HaptoglobinBrownGel/SerumBlood 0.4 - 2.8 g/L1 WeekRotherham Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
HCT (Haematocrit)RedEDTABloodPart of the FBC.
Not requestable alone.
7D = 0.44-0.70 L/L
14D = 13.0-19.5 L/L
30D = 0.34-0.55 L/L
2M = 0.29-0.47 L/L
3M = 0.29-0.41 L/L
6M = 0.30-0.41 L/L
1YR = 0.31-0.41 L/L
3YR = 0.32-0.41 L/L
5YR = 0.33-0.41 L/L
7YR = 0.33-0.41 L/L
8YR = 0.34-0.44 L/L
Male 14YR = 0.35-0.47 L/L
Male 16YR = 0.37-0.49 L/L
Male >=18YR = 0.39-0.49 L/L
Female 14YR = 0.35-0.45 L/L
Female 16YR = 0.35-0.45 L/L
Female >=18YR = 0.35-0.46 L/L
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)GreenCitrateBloodRHH specific request information must be completed.
Type of heparin, dosage and date & time of last dose should be included. 
RHH HIT request information
Refer to external report2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
HomocysteineRedEDTABloodSeparate within 1 hour
Fasting sample required
Deliver immediately to the laboratory - separate within 1 hour
Male = 0 - 18 umol/L
Female = 0 - 16 umol/L
1 WeekSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
IFA (Intrinsic Factor Antibodies)BrownGel/SerumBlood Negative/PositiveSamples processed < 1 Day. 
Positive screens have further confirmatory testing performed.
TAT: 1wk
Rotherham Hospital ImmunologyImmunology
IgE - totalBrownGel/SerumBloodAllergen specific IgE antibodies can be found without clinical reactions, especially in atopic individuals. They are NOT proof of allergy and are not useful for screening. Suggest referral to the allergy clinic at NGH, Sheffield if indicated0 - 81kU/L
Grade 0 = 0.0 - 0.35 kU/L Negative
Grade 1 = 0.35 - 0.7 kU/L Weak Positive
Grade 2 = 0.7 - 3.5 kU/L Positive
Grade 3 = 3.5 - 17.5 kU/L Positive
Grade 4 = 17.5 - 50.0 kU/L Strong Positive
Grade 5 = 50.0 - 100 kU/L Strong Positive
Grade 6 = >100 kU/L Strong Positive
2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
IgG SubclassesBrownGel/SerumBlood IgG1 = 3.2 - 10.2 g/L
IgG2 = 1.2 - 6.6 g/L
IgG3 = 0.2 - 1.9 g/L
3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
ImmunofixationBrownGel/SerumBlood Narrative ReportAs RequiredRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
ImmunoglobulinsBrownGel/SerumBlood IgG = 6.0 - 16.0 g/L
IgA = 0.8 - 4.0 g/L
IgM = 0.5 - 2.0 g/L
Age related ranges.
Contact laboratory or see report
1 week (interim report available from lab usually within 1 day)Barnsley for IgA, IgG and IgM/Rotherham Hospital Immunology for electrophoresisChemical Pathology
Immunoreactive TrypsinGreyBlood SpotBlood Spot With Report4 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
Inherited Thrombophilia Screen including :- Antithrombin III, Protein C, Protein S, Activated protein C resistance*, Prothrombin gene mutation. *Factor V Leiden genetics will only be carried out if the APCR is abnormal.Green & RedCitrate & EDTABlood3 x Green- Should be received in the laboratory within 4hours of venepuncture.
1 x EDTA
Individual parts of the Inherited thrombophilia screen can be requested if specified (please see individual sections).
NB All requests are audited to ensure that these tests are performed only where appropriate. The criteria for testing are based on BCSHGuideline: Investigation & Management of Heritable Thrombophilia BJH 114:512-528 2001.
Requests without clinical details or with inadequate details will not be processed. The samples are saved for 3 months. Please contact Haematology clinicians if the request has been denied and there are other clinical indicators for testing.
Reference ranges are provided with the results.4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire CoagulationHaematology
INRGreenCitrateBloodShould only be requested if the patient is on warfarin (Vitamin K antagonist therapy).See BSCH guidelines.45 minsBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
InsulinBrownGel/SerumBlood 17.8 - 173 pmol/L3 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Insulin Antibodies (IgG)BrownGel/SerumBlood Negative = <5 mg/L
Equivocal = 5 - 10 mg/L
Positive = >10 mg/L
4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)BrownGel/SerumBlood ug/L
Age and sex related ranges.
Contact laboratory or see report
3 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Intermediary Metabolites (Part of hypoglycaemia screen)YellowFluoride/GlucoseBloodIncludes:
Glucose
Lactate
Free fatty acids
3-Hydroxybutyrate
Comment issued with report.2 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
IronBrownGel/SerumBlood Male = 12 - 31 umol/L
Female = 9 - 30 umol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Iron ProfileBrownGel/SerumBlood Please see individual tests<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Islet Cell AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood Negative (or positive)3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
JAK-2 (Requested via HODS database)RedEDTABone marrow or peripherial blood.Only requestable by the Haematologists or after discussion with the Haematology medical team.See reportReport usually available within 7 days via HODS website. Password access only.HODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalHaematology
LactateGreyBlood Gas SyringeVenous Blood Gas 0.6 - 2.5 mmol/LAs required.
(contact the lab)
Barnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)BrownGel/SerumBlood 120 - 246 U/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
LamotrigineBrownGel/SerumBlood 3.0-14.0 mg/L4 Weeks Chemical Pathology
LeadRedEDTABlood 1.0 - 35.0 ug/dL
In the absence of lead exposure, blood lead levels rarely exceed 10 ug/dL. Values greater than this require investigation to identify and remove the source of the lead
 Sheffield Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
Lipid Profile 
(Fasting - 12 hours)
BrownGel/SerumBloodNB. Consider non-lipid factors in cardio- vascular risk assessment ie. family history of CHD, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and male gender See NICE CKS for CVD risk assessment: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/cvd-risk-assessment-managementTotal Cholesterol = Desirable <4.0 mmol/L
HDL Cholesterol = Desirable >0.90 mmol/L
Total:HDL Cholesterol Ratio
LDL Cholesterol (calculated) = Desirable <2.0 mmol/L
Triglycerides = 0.45 - 1.88 mmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
LithiumBrownGel/SerumBlood Therapeutic 0.4 - 1.0 mmol/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Luteinizing hormone (LH)BrownGel/SerumBlood Follicular = 1.9 - 12.5 U/L
Mid - Cycle = 8.7 - 76.3 U/L
Luteal = 0.5 - 16.9 U/L
Post menopausal = 7.9 - 53.8 U/L
Adult Male <70 years = 1.5 - 9.3 U/L
Adult Male > 70 years 3.1 - 34.6 U/L
<1 dayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
MagnesiumBrownGel/SerumBlood Adult: 0.7 - 1.0 mmol/L
Neonate (up to 1 month): 0.6 - 1.0 mmol/L 
1 month – 16 years: 0.7 - 1.0 mmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Malarial parasites (including RDT screen, thin and thick films stained at pH7.2)RedEDTABloodSamples must be received into the laboratory within 2 hours of venepuncture. All positive results are referred to Liverpool school of Tropical medicine for confirmatory testing. Positive results are HPA notifiable within 7days of testingReported as presence of a species of malaria as an interim report only (with parasitaemia as a % reported for falciparum only) or negative.7 DaysBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
MCHRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.
7D = 31.0-39.0 pg 
14D = 30.5-37.5 pg
30D = 28.5-35.5 pg
2M = 26.0-33.0 pg
3M = 24.5-30.0 pg
6M = 24.0-29.0 pg
6yr = 24.5-30.0 pg
8yr = 25.2-31.7 pg
10yr = 25.4-31.7 pg
12yr = 26.0-31.7 pg
14yr = 26.9-32.3 pg
16yr = 26.9-32.5 pg
>=18yr = 27.0-32.5 pg
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
MCHCRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.
3D = 308-365 g/l
7D = 303-368 g/l
14D = 298-373 g/l
2M = 303-368 g/l
3M = 300-365 g/l
4M = 308-365 g/l
2yr = 315-365 g/l
>2yr = 316-365 g/l
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
MCVRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Refer to FBC for request information. Not requestable alone.
7D = 100-127 fl
14D = 94-126 fl
30D = 90-116 fl
2M = 82-99 fl
3M = 75-95 fl
6M = 70-88 fl
1yr = 71-84 fl
2yr = 73-84 fl
3yr = 73-85 fl
6yr = 75-86 fl
8yr = 75-89 fl
10yr = 76-90 fl
12yr = 77-90 fl
14yr = 78-93 fl
16yr = 79-95 fl
21yr = 82-100 fl
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
MetamyelocytesRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Not requestable alone.
Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film
(0.00-0.00) Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Metanephrins (Plasma)RedEDTAPlasmaAvoid stress. Samples viable up to 30 min from collection without ice and for 60 mins with ice.0 - 510 pmol/L Freeman Hospital NewcastleBiochemistry
Microalbumin - Urine (Albumin:creatinine ratio)WhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine (random) Male = <2.5 mg/mmol creatinine
Female = <3.5 mg/mmol creatinine
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
MonocytesRedEDTABloodRefer to FBC.
Not requestable alone
1D = 0.2-2.3
2D = 0.2-1.8
30D = 0.2-1.5
6M = 0.3-1.2
1yr = 0.2-1.2
3yr = 0.2-1.0
8yr = 0.2-1.2
16yr = 0.2-1.0
>16yr = 0.2-0.8
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood With report4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
N-terminal pro-BNPBrownGel/SerumBloodPlease see NICE and local guidance. A result of <300ng/L rules out heart failureA result of <300 ng//L effectively rules out heart failure<1 dayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
MyelocytesRedEDTABloodRefer to FBC.
Not requestable alone.
Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film.
Refer to FBC. Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Neurone Specific Enolase (NSE)BrownGel/SerumBlood <12.5 ug/L
Adult Range Quoted
4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
NeurotensinGreyContact LaboratoryBD Gastrin Bottle See Gut Hormones4 WeeksLondon, SAS LaboratoriesChemical Pathology
NeutrophilsRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Not requestable alone.
1D = 2.8-15.0
2D = 2.8-14.6
8D = 2.8-12.0
14D = 1.8-7.8
30D = 1.8-6.8
2M = 1.0-6.0
3M = 0.8-5.5
6M = 1.0-5.5
1yr = 1.3-7.0
2yr = 1.4-7.5
3yr = 1.5-7.5
4yr = 1.6-7.7
5yr = 1.7-7.8
6yr = 1.7-7.4
8yr = 1.7-7.1
9yr = 1.7-7.2
11yr = 1.7-6.7
>11yr = 1.7-6.6
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
OestradiolBrownGel/SerumBlood Follicular = 72-529 pmol/L
Mid-cycle = 235 - 1309 pmol/L
Luteal = 205 - 786 pmol/L
Post-menopausal = <118 pmol/L
Children: 
F, 2–3 y: <107 pmol/L
F, 4–9 y: <160 pmol/L
F, 10–11 y: <645 pmol/L
F, 12–21 y: <875 pmol/L
M, 2–3 y: <189 pmol/L
M, 4–9 y: <97 pmol/L
M, 10–13 y: <134 pmol/L
Adult Male = <146 pmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Oligoclonal bands (CSF)GreyMultipleCSF and Brown Blood BottleNB. Blood and CSF required for full interpretationNarrative report3 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Organic Acids - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine5ml.
Freeze immediately.
Narrative Report4 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
Osmolality - SerumBrownGel/SerumBlood 275 - 295 mmol/kg<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Osmolality - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine (random) 50 - 1200 mmol/kg<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
P1NPBrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report3 WeeksSheffield Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
P3NP (Type III Procollagen Peptide)BrownGel/SerumBlood Please refer to report4 WeeksManchester, Specialist Assay LaboratoryChemical Pathology
Pancreatic ElastasePurpleBlue Top UniversalFaeces See Elastase/Faecal Elastase2 WeeksRotherham Hospital Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
Pancreatic PolypeptideGreyContact LaboratoryBD Gastrin Vacutainer See Gut Hormones4 WeeksLondon, SAS LaboratoriesChemical Pathology
ParacetamolBrownGel/SerumBloodTreatment indicated if above treatment line. See BNFSignificant toxicity likely:
>200 mg/L at 4h
>50 mg/L at 12h
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Parathyroid HormoneRedEDTABloodPlease send separate EDTA sample for PTH analysis1.95-8.49 pmol/L
(Please note: new units and range from 30/10/2017)
< 1 Day 
(Monday -Friday)
Barnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Partial Thromboplastin TimeGreenCitrateBloodPart of the Coagulation Screen.
Maximum sample viability: 8hrs.
The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label.
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
For in house testing:
1d = 34.9-47.4 seconds 
3d = 31.2-44.0 seconds
1yr = 29.1-35.5 seconds
>16yr = >16yr 23.3-33.9 seconds
Refer to reference ranges on reports for testing performed as part of any referred tests.
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Partial Thromboplastin Time Ratio (PTTR) for patients on heparin only.GreenCitrateBlood     
Maximum sample viability: 8hrs.        
The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label.        
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.        
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested."1.5-2.5 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology    
PhenobarbitoneBrownGel/SerumBloodFor ? Poisoning telephone lab on 2733 to arrange for urgent courierTherapeutic 10 - 40 mg/L<1 DaySheffield Northen General HospitalChemical Pathology
PhenytoinBrownGel/SerumBlood Therapeutic 5 - 20 mg/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Phosphate - SerumBrownGel/SerumBlood 0.80 - 1.50 mmo/L
Adult range stated. Please contact lab for age related ranges.
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Phosphate - UrineBlue24 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrine 15 - 50 mmol/24 hours<1 Day Chemical Pathology
PIVKA IIGreenCitrateBloodDiscuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval.
The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label.
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.
See referral report2 WeeksSheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP)BrownGel/SerumBlood Non-smoker = <500 mU/L
Smoker = <1500 mU/L
4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Plasma ViscosityRedEDTABloodOnly requestable via Haematology Consultants.See referral report2 WeeksSheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, HaematologyHaematology
Platelet ClumpingGreenCitrateBloodOccasionally a patient’s platelets react to the EDTA anticoagulant used. The laboratory may request an additional sample to verify this and report an accurate platelet count. If a green (citrated) sample is requested this must be sent with an EDTA for FBC testing.Reference ranges same as platelets.As per FBCBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
PlateletsRedEDTABloodNot requestable alone.
Refer to the FBC section.
For platelet clumping requests, see platelet clumping.
3D = 125-450 x 10^9/L
7D = 150-450 x 10^9/L
30D = 150-475 x 10^9/L
2M = 180-550 x 10^9/L
3M = 210-650 x 10^9/L
6M = 210-600 x 10^9/L
1yr = 190-530 x 10^9/L
3yr = 190-500 x 10^9/L
6yr = 190-490 x 10^9/L
8yr = 190-440 x 10^9/L
10yr = 185-425 x 10^9/L
12yr = 180-405 x 10^9/L
14yr = 180-400 x 10^9/L
19yr = 170-400 x 10^9/L
>21yr = 150-450 x 10^9/L
As per FBCBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
PNH screen (Peroxysmal nocturnal haemolysis screen)RedEDTABloodOnly requestable via Haematology Consultants.See HODS Report4 WeeksHODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalHaematology
Porphyrins/Porphyria - full screenGreyMultipleEDTA x2 , Fresh random urine sample and small portion of faeces required.*Protect all samples from lightReference ranges and comment with report.3 WeeksCardiff, Department of Medical BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Post Vasectomy Semen AnalysisGreyContact LaboratorySemenThe RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians) and FPA (Family Planning Association) state that at least two azoospermic, consecutive samples, two to four weeks apart, must be obtained before contraceptive precautions can be dispensed with.
NOTE: the laboratory is not accredited for this assay.
Initial assessment should be undertaken 16 weeks post vasectomy and after the patient has produced at least 24 ejaculates. A second sample should be submitted 2-4 weeks later.
Semen should be collected after an abstinence period of no less than 48 hours and no more than seven days, and maintained at body temperature before delivery to the laboratory. The laboratory must receive the sample within 1 hour of production.
Semen samples will only be accepted for testing when received in a pre-weighed, sterile pot provided by the laboratory and with a fully completed request form. Missing information or patient demographic detail may result in the specimen being rejected.
Please refer to the information on the request form.
Results may also be affected by surgery, previous infection, recent illness or high temperature, prescribed or recreational drugs.
Please contact the laboratory if in doubt.
Negative1 Week Haematology
Potassium (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBlood Adult: 3.5–5.3 mmol/L 
Neonate (up to 1 month): 3.4 - 6.0 mmol/L 
Infant (1 month to 1 year): 3.5 - 5.7 mmol/L 
1 year to 16 years: 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/L
Adult 3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Potassium (Urine)GreyWhite Top Universal (for random urine) or 24 Hour Plain Urine Container (for 24 hour urine)UrineVery variable - dependant on dietary intake and should be interpreted with the serum U&Es25 - 125 mmol/24hr<1 Day Chemical Pathology
Pregnancy Test - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine (Early morning collection) Negative
Positive
(3-7 days after first missed menstrual peroid)
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
ProgesteroneBrownGel/SerumBlood Male: 0.89–3.88 nmol/L
Normally ovulating females: Follicular phase: 0 - 4.45 nmol/L) 
Luteal: 10.6 - 81.3 nmol/L

Mid-luteal: 14.1 - 89.1 nmol/L

Female, postmenopausal: 0 - 2.3 nmol/L 
Female, pregnant: 
1st trimester: 35.7 – 286.2 nmol/L
2nd trimester: 81.3–284.3 nmol/L 
3rd trimester: 153.9 – 1343.6 nmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
ProinsulinBrownGel/SerumBloodOn ice and separated promptly.With report4 Weeks Chemical Pathology
ProlactinBrownGel/SerumBlood , nonpregnant: 59–619 mIU/L
M: 45–375 mIU/L 
F, pregnant: 206–4420 mIU/L
F, postmenopausal: 38–430 mIU/L
Children: 
F, 2–3 y: 65.7–332.8 mIU/L
F, 4–9 y: 66.6–334.1 mIU/L
F, 10–12 y: 75.0–386.7 mIU/L
F, 13–21 y: 89.9–489.7 mIU/L
M, 2–3 y: 76.3–606.3 mIU/L
M, 4–9 y: 95.4–382.2 mIU/L
M, 10–16 y: 67.8–284.9 mIU/L
M, 17–21 y: 115.1–326.7 mIU/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
PromyelocytesRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Not requestable alone.
Refer to the FBC section.
Expressed as an absolute value and percentage of the total white count if seen when examining a blood film.
(0.00-0.00) Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)BrownGel/SerumBloodPSA is raised in Ca. prostate and in 25 - 30% of patients with BPH. 
PSA samples should not be taken from men who have:
- an active UTI
- ejaculated in the previous 48 hours
- exercised vigorously in the previous 48 hours
- had a prostate biopsy in the previous 6 weeks.
- had a DRE in the previous week.
N.B PSA is not tumour specific and is elevated in benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatis etc.
Please refer to NICE guidelines
 
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Protein - UrineWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrineEMU is now preferred or 24 hour. Samples containing the antibiotics amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin should be avoided since these substances falsely increase the urine protein results in our current methodProtein:creatinine ratio (PCR) = <50 mg/mmol creatinine
Albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) = <30mg/mmol creatinine
24hr urine protein = <0.15 g/24 hours
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Protein (Total) - SerumBrownGel/SerumBlood 57 - 76 g/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Protein C (PC)GreenCitrateBloodPart of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details.
1 x green sample if requesting alone. Otherwise, refer to Thrombophilia screen.
Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval.
The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label.
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.
Report from the referral laboratory.Refer to the Inherited thrombophilia screenSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
Protein ElectrophoresisBrownGel/SerumBlood Narrative Report1 WeekRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Protein S (PS)GreenCitrateBloodPart of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test if written in the clinical details.
Test authorised by Haematology consultants only if the request is done in accordance with the guidelines. Appropriate clinical information must be provided or the request may be rejected.
The citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label.
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.
Report from the referral laboratory.Refer to the Inherited thrombophilia screenSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
Prothrombin 20210A allele genetics (PGM)RedEDTABloodPart of the Inherited thrombophilia screen. Can be requested as an individual test.
Discuss with Haematology Consultants for testing approval.
Send immediately to the labs for pre analytical processing.
Report from the referral laboratory.Refer to the inherited thrombophilia screenSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
Prothrombin TimeGreenCitrateBloodThe citrated bottle must be filled up to the green line marked on the bottle label.
The ratio of anticoagulant to blood must be 1:9 therefore under or over-filling the bottle may affect the results and samples may not be tested.
Refer to the Coagulation Screen for full test requirements.
For in house testing:
1 Day = 14.4-16.4 Seconds
3 Day = 13.5-16.4 Seconds
<1 Month = 10.0 -15.0 Seconds
>=1 Month = 10.0-14.0 Seconds
1 Year = 11.5-15.3 Seconds
>16 Years = 12.4-17.3 seconds
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Pseudocholinesterase (for scoline apnoea)RedEDTABlood With report
Details of anaesthetic sensitivity required
4 WeeksBristol Cholinesterase Investigation UnitChemical Pathology
QuinineBrownGel/SerumBlood Therapeutic = 3 - 7 mg/L4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
RBCRedEDTABloodPart of the FBC.3D = 3.85-6.50
7D = 3.85-6.40
14D = 3.53-6.20
30D = 3.10-5.20
2M = 2.90-4.60
3M = 3.10-4.65
4M = 3.20-5.00
6M = 3.40-5.10
1yr = 3.70-5.10
6yr = 3.90-5.10
8yr = 4.00-5.10
12yr = 4.15-5.20
Male 15yr = 4.38-5.60
Male 18-20yr = 4.42-5.60
Male >=21yr = 4.33-5.60
Female 15yr = 4.04-5.10
Female 18-20yr = 4.00-5.10
Female >=21yr = 3.85-4.90
 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
RBCRedEDTABloodPart of the FBC.12.2-15.4 Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Red cell membrane testingRedEDTABloodRefer to EMA screen for full requirements.   Haematology
Renal CalculiWhiteWhite Top UniversalCalculi Narrative Report4 WeeksCity Hospital BirminghamChemical Pathology
Renin (PRA - plasma renin activity)OrangeLithium HeparinBlood After overnight recumbency = 1.1 - 2.7 nmol/L/h
After 30 min upright = 2.8 - 4.5 nmol/L/h
When taken at randomduring the day = 0.5 - 3.5 nmol/L h
2 WeeksLeeds SAS Centre for Steroid HormonesChemical Pathology
ReticulocytesRedEDTABlood <3D = 110-450 x 10^9/L
3D = 50-150 x 10^9/L
>=4D = 20-100 x 10^9/L
  Haematology
Rheumatoid FactorBrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 13 U/mL<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
SalicylateBrownGel/SerumBlood Therapeutic = <250 mg/L
Toxicity likely if = >500 mg/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
SeleniumBrownGel/SerumBlood 0.61 - 1.24 umol/L4 WeeksSheffield, Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)BrownGel/SerumBlood Adult Male <50 years = 14.6 -94.6 nmol/L
Adult Male >50 years = 21.6-113.3 nmol/L
Female pre-menopausal = 10.8- >180 nmol/L
Female post-menopausal = 23.2 -159.1 nmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Sezary cells Includes: FBC, Blood film & cell markersRedEDTABlood2 x EDTA samples required.
Samples should not be taken on Fridays.
Negative4 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Cell Marker LaboratoryHaematology
Sickle screen (includes quantitative assay initially followed by Ferritin & HPLC)GreyMultiple1 x EDTA Blood
1 x Brown Top Blood
For urgent pre-op/sickle crisis only.
Urgent requests must be phoned to the laboratory.
All requests are followed up with HPLC.
NegativeUrgent HbS screen performed immediately (TAT 1hr).
TAT 72hrs for HPLC.
Rotherham Hospital HaematologyHaematology
Sodium (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBlood 133 - 146 mmol/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Sodium (Urine)GreyWhite Top Universal (for random urine) or 24 Hour Plain Urine Container (for 24 hour urine)UrineVery variable - dependant on dietary intake and should be interpreted with the serum U&Es40 - 220 mmol/24hr<1 Day Chemical Pathology
T315 mutationRedEDTABlood or Bone MarrowOnly requested by Consultant HaematologistsRefer to HODS database.8-12 Weeks Haematology
TacrolimusRedEDTABloodEDTA Trough Level
Please specify transplant type and Unit
Dependent on clinical indication.4 WeeksSheffield Northern General Hospital, or to appropriate Transplant Unit (where possible)Chemical Pathology
T-cell gene rearrangementRedEDTABloodSample viability: 24hrs.
Samples should not be taken on Fridays.
Send to the Blood Sciences laboratory immediately so samples can be referred.
Samples should be booked into the HODS database by the requestor. If in doubt, please contact the Blood Sciences laboratory
Report available on the HODS database. Password access only.8 WeeksHODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalHaematology
T-cell subsetsRedEDTABloodSamples should not be taken on Fridays.
Send to the Blood Sciences laboratory immediately so samples can be referred.
Samples should be booked into the HODS database by the requestor. If in doubt, please contact the Blood Sciences laboratory
Report available via HODS database or as a hardcopy.4 WeeksHODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalHaematology
TemazepamBrownGel/SerumBlood 400 - 850 ug/L4 WeeksSheffield, Royal Hallamshire HospitalChemical Pathology
Testing for Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), including Dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxabanGreenCitrateBloodNOTE: This is not an assay for monitoring therapy. Type of drug, Date and time of last dose required.Refer to external report.2 WeeksSheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
TestosteroneBrownGel/SerumBlood Adult Male = 9.3 -32.2 nmol/L
Female pre-menopausal = 0.4-2.1nmol/L
Female post-menopausal = <0.2-1.7 noml/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
TheophyllineBrownGel/SerumBlood Therapeutic = 10 - 20 mg/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)RedEDTABloodProtect from light.66.5-200 nmol/L2 weeksRotherham Hospital Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
Thiopurine MethyltransferaseRedEDTABlood Normal = 26 - 50 pmol/h/mgHb
Deficiency = <10 pmol/h/mgHb
Carrier = 10 - 25 pmol/h/mgHb
With comment on report.
4 WeeksCity Hospital Birmingham, Trace Elements laboratoryChemical Pathology
         
ThyroglobulinBrownGel/SerumBlood 1.4-78 ug/L4 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
Thyroid Antibodies Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO - Microsomal Antibodies)BrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 35 U/L1 WeekRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Thyroid ProfileBrownGel/SerumBlood See TSH fT4 and fT3<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Tissue TransglutaminaseBrownGel/SerumBlood 0 - 10 U/mL2 WeeksRotherham Hospital ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Total Iron Binding CapacityBrownGel/SerumBloodPart of Iron Profile45 - 81 umol/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Total ProteinBrownGel/SerumBlood 57 - 76 g/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
TransferrinBrownGel/SerumBlood M: 2.2 - 3.7 g/L
F: 2.5 - 3.8 g/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Transferrin ReceptorBrownGel/SerumBloodSamples should not be taken on Fridays.Refer to the original report.4 WeeksLondon, Biochemistry Department of Clinical Biochemistry.Haematology
Transferrin SaturationBrownGel/SerumBloodPart of Iron ProfileMale = 20 - 50%
Female = 15 - 50%
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
TriglyceridesBrownGel/SerumBloodPatient should be fasting.
Minimum fast 14 hours.
< 1.7 mmol/L<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Tri-iodothyronine (Free T3)BrownGel/SerumBlood 3.5 - 6.5 pmol/L
Adult range. Age related ranges available, please contact the laboratory if required.
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Troponin I (high sensitive)BrownGel/SerumBlood Baseline (0 hour) sample: Rule out myocardial infarction <3ng/L if chest pain > 3hours before presentation. Rule in myocardial infarction > 120ng/L. For all other values, refer to the Chest Pain pathway under ICE resources section.<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
TryptaseRedEDTABlood 2 - 14 ug/L2 WeeksSheffield Protein Reference UnitChemical Pathology
TSHBrownGel/SerumBlood 0.38 - 5.50 mU/L
Adult range quoted.
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
UreaBrownGel/SerumBlood 2.5 - 7.8 mmol/L
Adult range. Age related ranges available if required. Please contact the laboratory.
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Urea (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBlood 2.5 - 7.8 mmol/L Adult range. 
Age related ranges available if required. Please contact the laboratory if required.
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Urea (Urine)GreyWhite Top Universal (for random urine) or 24 Hour Plain Urine Container (for 24 hour urine)Urine 250 - 600 mmol/ 24hr<1 Day Chemical Pathology
Uric acid (Serum)BrownGel/SerumBlood Male = 200 - 430 mmol/L
Female = 140 - 360 mmol/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Urine CalciumBlue24 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrine 2.5 - 7.5 mmol/24 hours<1 Day Chemical Pathology
Urine Drugs of Abuse ScreenWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrineConfirmation or drug identification available on specific request.Positive
Negative
Twice a week Chemical Pathology
Urine Free CortisolBlue24 Hour Plain Urine ContainerUrine 10 - 147 nmol/24hrReferredLeeds SAS Centre for Steroid HormonesChemical Pathology
Urine HaemosiderinWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrine (random) See Hods Referral Report3 WeeksHODS, Sheffield Royal Hallamshire HospitalHaematology
Urine MagnesiumBlue24 Hour Plain Urine ContainerUrine 2.4 - 6.5 mmol/24hrAs Required Chemical Pathology
Urine NTXWhiteWhite Top UniversalUrineSecond Morning VoidPre-menopausal = 14-38 nM BCE/mmol creatinine
Post-menopausal = 15-57 nM BCE/mmol creatinine
Males = 16 - 90 nM BCE/mmol creatinine
ReferredSheffield Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
Urine OxalateBlue23 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrine Urine oxalate/creatinine ratio: 
>11 years = 2-83 mmol/mol
ReferredBirmingham (C)Chemical Pathology
Urine PhosphateBlue24 Hour Acid HCL Urine ContainerUrine 15 - 50 mmol/24hr  Chemical Pathology
Urine UrateBlue24 Hour Plain Urine ContainerUrine 1.5 - 4.5 mmol/24hr<1 Day Chemical Pathology
ValproateBrownGel/SerumBloodSample immediately pre-dose (Trough) or 3 hours post dose (Peak) <1 DayBarnsley Hospital BiochemistryChemical Pathology
Vasculitis screen (includes ANA, ANCA (CANCA & PANCA), CRP, C3 and C4)BrownGel/SerumBlood For reference ranges refer to the individual test sections.Referred.
TAT 2-4weeks
In-house assay TAT daily
CRP performed in-house, all other tests within the vasculitis screen are performed at Immunology, Rotherham General HospitalRefer to the individual test sections.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)GreyContact LaboratoryBlood - see Gastrin See Gut HormonesReferredLondon, Clinical Biochemistry & Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital.Chemical Pathology
Very Long Chain Fatty AcidsOrangeLithium HeparinBlood With report.ReferredSheffield Children's HospitalChemical Pathology
Vitamin A (Retinol)BrownGel/SerumBloodProtect from light. Needs to be kept in the dark.0.84 -3.6 umol/L
Adult range given. Please contact laboratory for age related ranges
2 WeeksRotherham Hospital Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)RedEDTABloodProtect from light.66.5-200 nmol/L2 WeeksRotherham Hospital Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
Vitamin B12BrownGel/SerumBlood 211-911 ng/L<1 Day Chemical Pathology
Vitamin B2RedEDTABlood 1.0 – 3.4 nmol / g Hb4 WeeksReferred to Scottish trace element and vitamin serviceChemical Pathology
Vitamin B6RedEDTABloodProtect from light.35-110 nmol/L2 WeeksRotherham Hospital Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
Vitamin DBrownGel/SerumBlood <25 nmol/L = Significant deficiency (replacement required)
25 - <50 nmol/L = Mild deficiency, consider treatment
>50 nmol/L = May be adequate
>220 nmol/L = High, increasing the risk of toxicity
N.B. Monitoring Vitamin D post treatment is not usually required
<1 Day Chemical Pathology
Vitamin EBrownGel/SerumBloodProtect from light.11.6 - 35.5 umol/L
Adult range given. Please contact laboratory for age related ranges
2 WeeksRotherham Hospital Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
Voltage Gated K Channel AntibodiesBrownGel/SerumBlood 0-69 pMReferredSheffield Department of ImmunologyChemical Pathology
Von Willebrand investigationGreenCitrateBlood2-3 Green samples should be sent to the laboratory ASAP.
All requests are audited to ensure that these tests are performed only where appropriate. 
Requests without clinical details or with inadequate details will not be processed.
The samples are saved for 3 months. 
Please contact Haematology clinicians if the request has been denied and there are other clinical indicators for testing.
Refer to the external report.Referred.
TAT: 4 Weeks
Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, CoagulationHaematology
Warfarin assessmentRedEDTABloodFor suspected cases of non-compliance only. 
Discuss with Haematology consultants.
Do not send on Fridays
See referral report12 WeeksCardiff Toxicology LabsHaematology
WBC DifferentialRedEDTABloodPart of FBC.
Initial differential results may change if a blood film is examined. Clinicians should be aware that if the report indicates changes, further amended results may be uploaded into ICE at a later stage
Units x 10^9/L Barnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
White Blood Cells (WBC)RedEDTABloodPart of FBC.3D = 10.0-26.0 x10^9/L
7D = 8.5-24.5 x10^9/L
14D = 6.4-19.2 x10^9/L
30D = 6.0-19.2 x10^9/L
2M = 5.1-17.3 x10^9/L
3M = 5.5-15.3 x10^9/L
4M = 5.5-16.0 x10^9/L
6M = 5.0-15.0 x10^9/L
1yr = 5.6-15.0 x10^9/L
2yr = 5.3-14.0 x10^9/L
3yr = 5.2-14.0 x10^9/L
5yr = 4.9-13.3 x10^9/L
6yr = 4.8-12.0 x10^9/L
7yr = 4.6-11.8 x10^9/L
10yr = 4.4-10.6 x10^9/L
11yr = 4.3-10.6 x10^9/L
13yr = 4.2-10.6 x10^9/L
14yr = 4.1-10.6 x10^9/L
18yr = 4.0-10.0 x10^9/L
>20yr = 3.7-10.0 x10^9/L
<1 DayBarnsley Hospital HaematologyHaematology
White Cell Enzymes (other than Fabry’s and Pope’s)RedEDTABlood2 x EDTA samples required.With report. Manchester, WillinkChemical Pathology
XanthochromiaWhiteWhite Top UniversalCSFProtect from light.Narrative Report3 DaysRotherham Hospital Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
ZincBrownGel/SerumBlood 7.2 - 20.43 umol/L3 WeeksSheffield Northern General HospitalChemical Pathology
Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP)RedEDTABloodAs of May 2023, the referral labrotory is not accredited to ISO 15189:2012 for this test.<60 uMOL/MOL Hb3 WeeksSheffield Children's HospitalHaematology